Tiara Reliability Institute

Physical and Chemical

Properties Analysis

PT. TIARA VIBRASINDO PRATAMA 1

 Outline

 Analysis for Oil Viscosity

 Analysis for Acid Number and Base Number
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 Analysis for Dielectric

 Detection and Root Cause of Oxidation
 Oxidation Stability

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 Tiga Katagori Utama Analisa Oli
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 Trivektor
Wear
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Contamination Chemistry
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 Kinematic Viscosity
 Definition : kemampuan sebuah fluida untuk menahan tegangan
geser
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 Viskositas kinematik diuji dengan ASTM D445

 Kekentalan pelumas berpengaruh terhadap tebal/tipisnya tebal
lapisan pelumas diantara dua permukaan yang dilumasi.
 Viskositas pelumas harus dipilih agar tidak terlalu encer sehingga
lapisan pelumasnya tipis dan juga tidak terlalu kental sehingga
menghambat kinerja equipment

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 Pengukuran viskositas kinematik
40oC (100oF)
 Best for early detection of oil oxidation
and thermal failure (e.g., volatility)
 Best for detecting viscosity influence of
water, fuel, and refrigerant
contamination
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 Best for detecting wrong oil in use

 Best for low-cost field monitoring of used
oils

100oC (212oF)
 Best for detecting VI improver shear
down
 Best for high operating temperature
machines

Both? 40oC (100oF) & 100oC (212oF)

 Best for identifying changes in viscosity
index
 Best for applications where multiple
objectives are in place

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 ENGINE OIL SAE STANDARD
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 ISO VG STANDARD
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 ISO VG AND SAE STANDARD
COMPARISON
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ISO VG
220

SAE SAE
50 90

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 Apa itu viscosity index?
 Nilai indeks yang menyatakan perubahan viskositas yang
berkaitan dengan perubahan temperatur. Indeks viskositas
ditentukan secara eksperimen dengan mengukur viskositas
pada temperatur 40oC dan 100oC
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 Penyebab perubahan viskositas oli
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 Efek terhadap sistem jika viskositas
tidak benar
Viscosity Too High
 Heat generation - oxidation, varnish, sludge
 Cavitations
 Inadequate flow to bearings, etc.
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 Energy consumption losses

 Poor defoaming and demulsifying characteristics
 Fluid backup in bearing drain lines
 Poor cold start pumpability

Viscosity Too Low

 Oil film loss, boundary lubrication, excessive wear
 High mechanical friction, energy losses
 High mechanical friction, heat generation, oxidation, etc.
 Oil whip in journal bearings
 Internal or external leakage
 Increased system sensitivity to particle contamination
 Oil film failure at high temperatures, low speed and/or high load

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 Trending Asam dan Basa
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 How to monitor AN Trend
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Tiara Reliability Institute How BN Trends are influenced

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 Pembacaan Nilai Dielectric
 Dielectric Constant (DC) is a value of how fast a material
transmits electrical currents compared to how fast electrical
currents transmitted in vaccum.
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 Different materials have a different DC.

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 Dielectric Constant
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 Pembacaan Nilai Dielectric

 Nilai DC yang terukur pada saat oli masih

baru dapat berubah seiring penggunaan
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akibat adanya :
 Kontaminasi air atau partikel
 Perubahan struktur kimia pelumas akibat
degradasi atau oksidasi

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 Akar penyebab oksidasi
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 Penyebab oil aging
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 Anti-Oxidant Depletion
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 Anti-Oxidant Depletion

. . .
O
H2
C OH
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ROO R N R

H
ROOH R N R H2
HO C OH

Free Radical Amine Phenol

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 Mendeteksi oli yang teroksidasi
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 Oxidation Stability
 Oxidation Stability Test :
 ASTM D4310 – Sludge and Oxidation Test
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 ASTM D945 – Turbine Oxidation Stability Test (TOST) New Oil

 ASTM D4485 – Engine Oil Performance Test Test
 ASTM D2272 – Rotary Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test
(RPVOT / RBOT)
 ASTM D6971 – Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV –
Used
RULER)
Oil Test
 ASTM D2412 – Fourier Transform Infra-Red Oxidation
 ASTM D664 – Acid Number (AN/TAN)

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 RPVOT / RBOT
 Mengkondisikan oksidasi pada pelumas dan mengukur
waktu yang dibutuhkan sampai pelumas teroksidasi.
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 Batas yang diperbolehkan adalah 25% dari nilai

pelumas baru.

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 LSV – RULER
 Mengukur Anti-
Oxidant tersisa
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dalam pelumas yang

sedang digunakan.
 Batas yang
diperbolehkan
adalah 25% dari nilai
pelumas baru.

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 Molecular Monitoring – Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
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 FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy)
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 FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy)
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 Varnish
 Produk hasil degradasi
pelumas dan additive
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 Berwarna kuning kemerahan,

cokelat, hitam
 Bersifat polar sehingga
menempel pada permukaan
metal
 Sukar dihilangkan jika
dibersihkan secara manual
(dilap dengan kain)

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 Measuring Varnish Potential
 MPC = Membrane Patch Colorimetry
 ASTM D7843-12
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 Measure varnish potential in the oil

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 Oxidation Stability and Varnis Corelation
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