Penyelesaian :

y syy

tyz tyx
txy = 7 ksi
sxx tzy tzx
txz

szz
z
syy
 For equilibrium Condition

sxx syy szz txy tyx tyz tzy

8 -4 6 2 2 3 3

s3 – I1 s2 + I2s – I3 = 0
szz
I1 = (sxx + syy + szz)
I2 = (sxxsyy + syyszz+ sxxszz – txy2 – tyz2–txz2)
I3 = (sxxsyyszz + 2 txytyztxz – sxxtyz2 – syytxz2- szztxy2)
s3 – 10 s2 - 46s +248 = 0
txy = 7 ksi
sxx
txz
x a1 a2 a3  Vieta's substitution:
Cubic Formula
248 -46 -10

Q R

-26.44444 -10.2963

q
94.342

s1 s2 s3

12.10752 -5.700647 3.593125 Ksi

12107.52 -5700.647 3593.125 Psi

tmax 8904.084 Psi
 txz tzx
-5 -5

I1= 10
I2= -46
- szztxy2) I3= -248
 load(lb) Diameter (in) Luas (A) Tegangan Regangan Log tegangan Log regangan n
0 0.252 0.0498506 0 0
3440 0.25 0.0490625 70114.65 0.015936 4.845808768 0.685366271 7.070392825
3580 0.245 0.0471196 75976.836 0.056342 4.880681201 0.688480441 7.089062971
3670 0.24 0.045216 81165.959 0.09758 4.909373924 0.691026112 7.104469487
3710 0.235 0.0433516 85579.26 0.139687 4.932368528 0.693055518 7.116844755
Pmax 3720 0.23 0.0415265 89581.352 0.1827 4.952217611 0.69479972 7.127546927
3570 0.201 0.0317148 112565.8 0.452248 5.051406445 0.703412314 7.18128805
3500 0.2 0.0314 111464.97 0.462223 5.047138396 0.703045214 7.178967012
3350 0.19 0.0283385 118213.74 0.56481 5.072667948 0.705236435 7.192861427
3150 0.18 0.025434 123849.96 0.672944 5.092895887 0.706964798 7.203888936
2950 0.17 0.0226865 130033.28 0.787261 5.114054516 0.708765353 7.215440896
Necking 2800 0.149 0.0174278 160662.99 1.050966 5.205915838 0.716497143 7.265787297
a. True Stress-Strain Curve
σ = P /A
ɛ = ln(Ao / A) = ln (((π/4) Do^2)/((π/4) Do^2)) = 2 ln (Do/D)

True Stress-Strain Curve

180000
160000
140000
120000
Tegangan (σ)

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Regangan (ɛ)

b. : (1) true stress at maximum load (2) true fracture stress (3) true fracture strain (4)
true uniform strain (5) true necking strain (6) ultimate tensile strength (7) strain-
hardening coefficient

(1) True Strees at maxiumum load (su)

su=Pmax/Au 89581.351667 lb/inch2

(2) true fracture stress (sf)

sf=Pf/Af 160662.98729 lb/inch2

(3) true fracture strain (ef)

ef= ln(Ao / Af) = ln (((π/4) Do^2)/((π/4) Df^2)) = 2 ln (Do/Df)
ef= 2 ln (Do/Df) 1.0509655631

(4) true uniform strain (eu) equal with true strain at max load
ef= ln(Ao / Au) = ln (((π/4) Do^2)/((π/4) Du^2)) = 2 ln (Do/Du)
ef= 2 ln (Do/Du) 0.1826995572

(5) true necking strain (en)

en= ln(Au / Af) = ln (((π/4) Du^2)/((π/4) Df^2)) = 2 ln (Du/Df)
ef= 2 ln (Du/Df) 0.868266006

(6) Ultimate Tensile Strength (su)

Su=Pmax/Ao 74622.913567 lb/inch2

(7) strain-hardening coefficient

n=Log tegangan/Log regangan
n= 0.86
load lo load elong e
0 0 0
500 6E-05 0.003
1000 6E-05 0.02 1000 0.00032 0.016
0.003 1500 0.00052 0.026
2000 0.00072 0.036
l A S(lb/inc)
0.02 #DIV/0!
0.01994 284.36079544 1.758329587 -2.522885
3.516659174
5.274988761
P load L Elong(dL)
0 0.02
500
1000
1500