Review

Units 5, 6, 7, & 8
Think Level 2
 Unit 5
Present perfect continuous; present perfect
simple vs. present perfect continuous
Present perfect continuous
The present perfect continuous is used for actions happening over a period
of time. We use it to:
a) Emphasise how long an activity has been happening. The activity may or
may not be complete.
• I’ve been practising the piano since 10 am.
b) Talk generally about situations or activities that started in the past and
are still continuing now.
• I’ve been learning the piano for two years.
c) Talk about situations or activities that have stopped but have a result in
the present.
• I’ve been playing the piano all day and I’m tired now.
Present perfect simple vs. present perfect
continuous
Use the present perfect continuous to talk about an action that is not
finished.
• He has been playing music for more than 40 years.

Use the present perfect simple to stress the finished result of a

completed activity and the amount completed.
• He has played hundreds of concerts.
 Unit 6
Will (not), may (not), might (not) for
prediction; first conditional; unless in first
conditional sentences
Will (not), may (not), might (not) for
prediction
Use will or won’t to express future certainty, and may (not) or might
(not) to express future possibility.

Examples:
• In a few years’ time, there might not be any tigers left.
• Some animals may be gone forever very soon.
• If we lose the forests, we will lose millions of species.
First conditional; unless in first conditional
sentences
We use the first conditional to talk about the consequences of a possible / impossible
future action.
Condition clause: if + present simple
Result clause: will / won’t + main verb
The condition clause can come before or after the result clause.
Unless means only if / if not.
Examples:
• If you switch off your TV completely when you have stopped watching, it won’t use any
electricity.
• If you reuse your shopping bags when you go to the supermarket, you’ll save money.
• Unless people stop throwing plastic away, the environment will suffer even more.
• The environment will suffer unless we recycle more.
 Unit 7
Future forms; question tags; Nor/Neither/So
Future forms
We often use:
The present simple tense to talk about fixed future events.
e.g. The film opens in the UK on Friday.
Be going to to talk about future plans and intentions.
e.g. I’m going to start training for Lima 2044.
Will/won’t to make predictions about the future.
e.g. History will be made later today.
The present continuous to talk about future arrangements.
e.g. They are spending a three-day honeymoon there.
Question tags
Question tags are short questions which we use to check facts or make
conversation.
• With positive statements, use a negative question tag.
• With negative statements, use a positive question tag.

Examples:
• She sings beautifully, doesn’t she?
• You won’t say anything, will you?
Question tags
When the verb to be is used in the statement, repeat it in the question
tag.

Examples:
• The party is open to everyone, isn’t it?
• Lewis, you’re doing that, aren’t you?
• I’m not responsible for that, am I?
Question tags
With modal verbs (can, might) and most other verb forms, repeat the
modal or the auxiliary verb in the question tag.

Examples:
• That should be OK, shouldn’t it?
• You haven’t forgotten about that, have you?
Question tags
With present or past simple verbs, use do, don’t, does, doesn’t
(present simple) or did, didn’t (past simple).

Examples:
• You wanted me to do that, didn’t you?
• They don’t live with you, do they?
Nor/Neither/So
We can use so and nor/neither to agree with statements.
• We use so to agree with positive statements.
• We use nor / neither to agree with negative statements.
Examples:

LUCY: I’m really going to enjoy this party.

LEWIS: So am I.

KEV: I don’t think we can have a party without getting permission.

LUCY: Neither do I.

OLIVER: I won’t be able to be there before 11.

KEV: Nor will I.
 Unit 8
Past simple vs. past continuous;
used to; second conditional; I wish
 Past simple vs. past continuous
We use:
The past simple for an action that happened at a particular moment in the past. We
often use when with this tense.
• Newton was sitting and thinking when an apple fell out of the tree and hit the
ground.

The past continuous for a background of time in the past. We often use while with this
tense.
• While Archimedes was getting out of the bath, he noticed that the water went down.
Remember that some verbs can’t be used in the continuous form.
 Used to
We can use used to + verb to talk about things that happened regularly in the past
but not any more.
In the positive, we say used + verb.
• That shop used to be a book shop, but now it sells clothes.
In the negative, we say use to + verb
• I didn’t use to care about science, but now I think it’s really interesting.
For questions, we say use to + verb
• When you were small, did you use to have an imaginary friend?
Second conditional
We use the second conditional to talk about the consequences of an
unreal present action or an improbable future action.
Condition clause: if + past simple.
Result clause: would / wouldn’t + verb.
Examples:
• If they found a cure for malaria, life would be easier in so many
places.
• If I could choose anything, I would go for a time machine.
• Wouldn’t it be great if it was possible?
I wish
We use wish to say that we would like a present situation to be different
from what it actually is.

Examples:

• I wish I had more friends. (I don’t have many friends.)

• I wish I could go back to when I was a kid. (I'm not a kid anymore.)