Characterization of the nanomaterials

There are different techniques to measure and study a certain

property (size, shape, or stability) of these materials as follows:-

 X- ray diffraction (XRD)

 Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

 Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

 Zeta potential analyzer (Zp)

 Applications of nanomaterials

 Fuel Cells: A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy

conversion device that converts the chemical energy from fuel
directly into electricity. When the electrodes of these cells
fabricated from nanomaterials that provide sufficient surface
area, maximum contact of catalyst, and good electronic
conductance.
 Catalysis: Nanoparticles serve as an efficient catalyst for
some chemical reaction, due to the extremely large surface to
volume ratio. In general, nanoparticles have a high surface
area, and hence provide higher catalytic activity.
 Nano phosphors for High Definition TV.
 Nanomaterials act to eliminate the pollutants.
 Nanomaterials in sun screen lotion.
 Used in fabrication semiconductors devices (electronics) as transistors and
solar cells with high efficiency.
 Sensors: The gases like NO2 and NH3 can be detected on the basis of increase
in electrical conductivity of nanomaterials (thin films).
 Water filtration technique.
 Drug-delivery technique.
 Nano powders are used for preparation nanofluids for high rate of heat
transfer.
 Modern materials needs
 There is insistence need to the strong materials (high mechanical
properties) as metals and their alloys, low-density, as well as have good
resistance to the corrosion and the environmental conditions as plastics.

 Nuclear energy is the promise energy, but requires solving a problem of

nuclear waste.
 
 Reducing the weight of transportation vehicles (automobiles, aircraft,
trains, etc.), as well as increasing engine operating temperatures, will
enhance fuel efficiency.
 
 Need to find new and economical sources of energy and to use present
resources more efficiently as solar cells.
 
 Nuclear energy is the promise energy, but requires solving a problem of
nuclear waste.
 
 Reducing the weight of transportation vehicles (automobiles, aircraft, trains,
etc.), as well as increasing engine operating temperatures, will enhance fuel
efficiency.
 
 Need to find new and economical sources of energy and to use present resources
more efficiently as solar cells.