Proses

Manufaktur
Nama : Dicka Korintus
Elsa Jubilia
Kelas : Teknk industri A

UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS
MARET
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
Effect of tool motion
the position of the traverse cross-
sectional plane is determined by
• the cutting speed vector v (from
the primary speed vector V to the
auxiliary motion speed vector f)
Angle of
rotation
As a result of tool motion, the angles γb
and αe in the longitudinal cross changed
to :
At larger values of feed vector f in relation to
the cutting speed V, the motion system
clearance angle may become equal to zero if
Requirements of • High hardness

Tool Materials • High hot–hardness

• High wear resistance

Cutting tools are subjected

to severe conditions with
regard to temperature, • High strength and toughness
contact stresses, and
rubbing against the • High thermal conductivity and
workpiece surface as well specific heat
as the chip’s contact with
the tool face. the required
degree of accuracy and • Low coefficient of friction
surface quality:

• Low coefficient of friction

Classification
of
Carbon tool steel
Tool
Material

Alloy tool steel

High speed steel

 Nonferrous
tool material

 Cast alloy
 Cemented carbides
 Coated carbides
 Ceramic
 Cermets
 Diamond
 Cubic boron nitride (CBN)
 Whisker-reinforced materials (WRM)
 Cast Alloy

Elwood Haynes

• 40%–50% Co
• 12%–25% W. cast alloy
• 15%–35% Cr
• 1%–3% C
 Henri Moissan Cemented Carbides

Tungsten Carbides (WC)

+
6% Cobalt binder

WC --> TiC or TaC

Cemented Carbides Main Group

Machining ferrous
P materials with long chips

Machining hard steels and

M high-temperature alloys

Machining nonferrous and

K ferrous metals with short chips
Coated Carbides
 Coated Carbides

• Titanium carbide (TiC)

• TiN coating (gold color)
• Aluminum oxide ceramic coating (black color)
• Diamond coating
• Titanium carbonitride (black color)
 Ceramics

• Al2O3 (90%)
• Cr2O3, MgO, and NiO
(10%)

Made by pressing the powder

of Al2O3, followed by sintering
at 1700°C
CARMETS
These are alumina materials containing 15%–30% of
TiC. Cermets are hot pressed, much tougher, and
less brittle and are applicable to roughing and face
milling of materials having hardness in the range of
60–80 RC, such as hard cast iron and hard steels.
Therefore, cermets perform better in interrupted
cutting operations.
DIAMOND
Because diamond is a pure carbon, it has an
affinity for the carbon contained in ferrous
materials. Diamond tools should be used for
finish turning and boring of cast iron,
aluminum and its alloys, magnesium alloys,
bronze, gold, silver, rubber, and plastic, at
speeds ranging from 100 to 2000 m/min
Cubic boron Whisker-reinforced
nitride (CBN) materials (WRM
The combination of tremendous high-pressure with
high-temperature conditions similar to those used to WRM include SiN-base tools and aluminum oxide–
manufacture diamond is used to produce the base tools, reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC)
diamond-like crystals of CBN. CBN works whiskers. Such tools are effective in machining
effectively as a cutting tool for most work materials composites and nonferrous materials, but are not
except titanium and its alloys. It should be used as a suitable for machining cast irons and steels.
finishing tool for very hard and difficult-to-machine
materials. As in the case of diamond tools, the
machine tool condition and the machining setup
rigidity are critical.
Question?
Thank You