Introduction to immune response

dr. Ratna, M.Biomed, PhD

Objectives:
• Know general concept of immune response
• The definition of immunity, immune system, and immune response
• The classification of immune system
• The differences of active and passive immunity
• The features of innate and adaptive immune response
• The component (cellular and humoral) of each immune system

• Understand immune cells recognition against pathogen

Definitio
n
• Immunity
• Protection from disease and more
specifically, infectious diseases

• Immune System
• The cells and molecules that
responsible for immunity

• Immune Response
• The collective and coordinated
response of immune system to
the introduction of foreign
substances

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 Classification of immune
system
Immune system

Innate/Non-specific Adaptive/Specific
1st line of defense 2nd line of defense
Humoral: Cellular: Humoral: Cellular:
Complement Leukocyte Antibody Lymphocyte B
Monocyte-macrophage Lymphocyte T
Basophil
Eosinophil
Dendritic
Natural killer
Innate immune system
• Innate
• First Line
• Natural
• Native

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Innate immune
system
• Characteristic of innate immune system
• Specificity  non-specific recognition
• For structure shared by classes of microbes  Pathogen associated molecular pattern
(PAMP)

• Receptors are encoded in germline; limited diversity (pattern recognition

receptors/PRR)
6
Innate immune
system
• Characteristic of innate immune
system
• No memory
• Non-reactivity to self

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Adaptive immune
system
• Characteristic of adaptive immune system
• Specificity  specific recognition Innate immune system
• Can distinguish between different, even closely related, microbes and molecules

8
Adaptive immune
system
• Characteristic of adaptive immune
system
• Receptor diversity: wide

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10
Adaptive immune
system
• Characteristic of adaptive immune system
• Memory

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Adaptive immune system
• Characteristic of adaptive immune system
• Memory

12
Adaptive immune system
• Characteristic of adaptive immune system
• Clonal expansion

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Adaptive immune system
• Characteristic of adaptive immune system
• Specialization
• Non-reactivity to cell

14
Components of adaptive immune system
 Summary
of innate vs adaptive immune
features
Active and Passive Immunity
Immunity

18
The origin of cellular immune system
• Primary (central)
lymphoid organ
• Bone marrow
• Thymus
• Secondary (peripheral)
lymphoid organ
• Lymph node
• Mucosal and cutaneous
lymphoid tissue
• Spleen

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The origin of cellular immune
system
• Function of primary lymphoid
organ
• Production and maturation of
cellular immune system

• Function of secondary lymphoid

organ
• Filtration devices for removing
antigen

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Hematopoesis in Bone Marrow
References
• Cellular and molecular immunology, 9th Edition. Abbas AK, Lichtman
AH, Pillai S Saunders-Elsevier, 2018

• Kuby Immunology, 6th Edition. Kindt TJ, Osborne BA, Goldsby RA. W.H.
Freeman, 2012
Question
A full-term baby boy was diagnosed for DiGeorge Syndrome. The
syndrome was characterized by under development of thymus organ.
Which of following immune cells that largely affected by this condition?

A. B lymphocytes
B. Plasma cells
C. Neutrophils
D. T lymphocytes
E. Monocytes
Question
• A 7-year-old boy were attacked by a stray dog while walking to the
school. His parents took him immediately to the hospital. The boy got
wound treatment and received rabies post-exposure prophylaxis
antibody/immunoglobulin. What type of immunity that the boy
acquired from rabies prophylaxis?

A. Active natural immunity

B. Passive natural immunity
C. Active artificial immunity
D. Passive artificial immunity
E. Active and passive artificial immunity