DIMENSION, SCALE

AND PROPORTION
ENGLISH APPLICATION
Week 7
DESCRIBING DIMENSIONS
800 200 350

Office 280

Entrance
200
Teaching Hall
600
Space
Library 350

 The teaching space is 8 meters long, 6 meters wide,

and 3.5 meters high.
 The office has a length of 3.5 m, a width of 2.8 m,
and a height of 3.5 m.
 All the rooms are 3.5 meters high.
DESCRIBING DIMENSIONS
 The buildings are 6 m high.
 The buildings have a height of 6 m.
 The tower is 60 m tall.
 The tower has a height of 60 m.
 The wall is 15 cm thick.
 The wall has a thickness of 15 cm.
 The river is 5 m wide.
 The river is 5 m broad.
 The river has a width of 5 m.
Note:
 “Tall” is used of physical objects which are much longer
in height than in width. For human dimensions:
• He is 175 cm tall. (don’t use “high”)
• He has a height of 1.75 m. (don’t use “tallness”)
HOW TO ASK ABOUT DIMENSIONS
 How high is the building?
 What is the building’s height?
 The building is 15 m high.

 The building has a height of 15 m.

 What are the dimensions of the monument?

 The monument is 40 m long, 25 m wide, and 60 m

tall.

 How deep is the well?

 The well is 20 m deep.

 The well has a depth of 20 m.

SCALE
 The scale of the drawing is 1:100 (read: one to one
hundred).
◦ This means that one millimeter on the drawing
represents one hundred millimeters in the actual
building. (UK)
◦ In Indonesia, the drawing standard is in centimeter 
one centimeter on the drawing represents one
hundred centimeters in the actual building.

 What do these scales mean?

◦ Scale 2:5
◦ Scale 1:10
◦ Scale 1:5000
PROPORTION
800 200 350

Office 280

Entrance
200
Teaching Hall
600
Space
Library 350

• The library is slightly bigger than the office.

• The library is 70 cm wider than the office.
• The office is considerably bigger than the entrance hall.
• The teaching space is much bigger than the entrance
hall.
PROPORTION
800 200 350

Office 280

Entrance
200
Teaching Hall
600
Space
Library 350

 The library is exactly one and quarter times as big as

the office.
 The library is approximately three times as big as the
entrance hall.
 The teaching space is exactly twelve times as big as the
entrance hall.
 COMPARING PROPERTIES
DENSITY MELTING TYPICAL TENSILE RELATIVE
kg/m3 POINT ºC STRENGTH N/mm2 COST
Glass 2.520 1.500 60 12
Concrete 2.300 - 4 1
Softwood (pine) 5.500 - 40 6
Hardwood (oak) 8.800 - 100 15
Mild Steel 7.850 1.900 450 9
Aluminum 2.640 6.600 90 35
Copper 8.950 1.083 340 25
Zinc 7.100 Notes:
420 1. Higher 110
density = heavier 20
2. Lower density = lighter
3. Higher tensile strength = stronger
4. Lower tensile strength = weaker
4. Higher cost = more expensive
5. Lower cost = cheaper
 Identify these materials from the table
MELTI TYPICAL
1. This material has a slightly higher
MATE DENSITY NG TENSILE
density than glass. Aluminum
RIAL kg/m3 POINT STRENGT
2. This material has a much higher (ºC) H N/mm2
melting point than mild steel.
Glass 2.520 1.500 60
Aluminum
Concr 2.300 - 4
3. This material has a tensile ete
strength much higher than
Pine 5.500 - 40
concrete, but slightly lower than
zinc. Oak Oak 8.800 - 100

4. This material is slightly heavier Mild 7.850 1.900 450

Steel
than mild steel but is much
weaker in tension. Oak Alumi 2.640 6.600 90
num
5. This material has a considerably
lower melting point than glass, Copp 8.950 1.083 340
but a much higher tensile er
strength. Copper Zinc 7.100 420 110
6. This material has a tensile MELTI TYPICAL
MATE DENSITY
strength approximately half NG TENSILE
Pine RIAL kg/m3
that of aluminum. POINT STRENGT
(ºC) H N/mm2
7. The melting point of this Glass 2.520 1.500 60
Concr 2.300 - 4
material is approximately 1 ½
ete
times as high
Glassas that of copper. Pine 5.500 - 40
8. The density of this material is Oak 8.800 - 100

approximately twice that of Mild 7.850 1.900 450

Steel
glass. Pine
Alumi 2.640 6.600 90
9. This material is ten times as num
Copp 8.950 1.083 340
strong as concrete in tension.
Pine er
10.These two materials have very Zinc 7.100 420 110

nearly the same tensile

strength. Aluminum and oak, or oak and zinc
HOW TO COMPARE OBJECTS
 Oak and pine:
◦ Oak is considerably DENSI
TY
MELTI
NG
TYPICAL
TENSILE
RELATI
VE
heavier than pine, has a kg/m3 POINT STRENGTH COST

much higher tensile ºC N/mm2

strength and costs 2 ½ Glass 2.520 1.500 60 12

times more per kilogram. Concrete 2.300 - 4 1

Softwood 5.500 - 40 6
(pine)
 Glass and concrete: Hardwood 8.800 - 100 15

◦ Glass is slightly heavier (oak)

than concrete, has a Mild Steel 7.850 1.900 450 9

much higher tensile Aluminum 2.640 6.600 90 35

Copper 8.950 1.083 340 25

strength, but costs 12
Zinc 7.100 420 110 20
times more per kilogram.
 Mild steel and aluminum: DENSI MELTI TYPICAL REL
◦ Mild steel is much heavier TY NG TENSILE ATI
kg/m3 POINT STRENG VE
than aluminum, five
ºC TH COS
times stronger in tension N/mm2 T
and considerably
Glass 2.520 1.500 60 12
cheaper, but has a much
Concrete 2.300 - 4 1
lower melting point
Softwoo 5.500 - 40 6
 Copper and Zinc:
d (pine)
◦ Copper has a slightly
Hardwoo 8.800 - 100 15
higher density than zinc,
d (oak)
has a considerably higher
Mild 7.850 1.900 450 9
melting point,
Steel
approximately three
Aluminu 2.640 6.600 90 35
times stronger in tension,
m
and slightly more
Copper 8.950 1.083 340 25
expensive.
Zinc 7.100 420 110 20
 QUIZ a: DIMENSION AND PROPORTION
1. Describe the dimensions
150 150 300
of the Master Bedroom.
2. Describe the dimensions
MASTER KITCHEN of the toilet. Use
300

BEDROOM
different way from no. 1.

400
3. Compare the Master

DINING Bedroom and the Living

150

TOILET
ROOM Room.
4. Compare the Master
Bedroom and the Toilet.
250

250

LIVING
BEDROOM ROOM
5. Compare the Living
Room and the Bedroom.
 QUIZ b: COMPARING PROPERTIES
Example: DENSI MELTI TYPICAL
◦ The tensile strength of copper is approximately TY NG TENSILE
three times that of zinc. kg/m3 POINT STRENG
OR ºC TH
N/mm2
◦ Copper has a much higher tensile strength than
zinc. Glass 2.520 1.500 60

Concrete 2.300 - 4
 Make similar sentences to compare the Oak 8.800 - 100
following: Mild 7.850 1.900 450
6. Copper and aluminum with regard to their Steel
densities. Aluminu 2.640 6.600 90
7. Zinc and oak with regard to their tensile strengths. m
8. Mild steel and aluminum with regard to their
Copper 8.950 1.083 340
tensile strengths.
Zinc 7.100 420 110
9. Glass and concrete with regard to their densities
10. Mild steel and copper with regard to their melting
points