ISOTHERMAL

HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS

1.CSTR
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa
2
2010/2011
 CSTR
Assumption: Well–mixed Contents
1. Uniform Composition in Tank
2. Cproduct = CinTank
Accepted Assumption unless :
3. V. Large Tank
4. Inadequate Mixer
5. V. Viscous Reactor Mixture
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa 3
2012/2013
 CSTR
Steps of CSTR Design:
1. Rate Law
2. Mole Balance
3. Stoichiometry
4. Combine
5. Evaluate
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa 4
2012/2013
 CSTR
aA  bB
1.Rate law: r = k CA a nAf

nA
2. Mole Balance:
In + Generation= Out + Accumulation
C.M.B. on A
m.f.r. of A in + productn.Rate of A= m.f.r. of A out + acc.Rate of A
dN
n  R V  n  A ;
Af A A dt
n molar f.r. of A
A
N moles of A
A Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa
2012/2013
5
 CSTR
• dNA/dt=0 as CSTR is operated at st.st.
• nA = q CA ; q vol. f. r. , m3/s or lit./s
CA conc. of A, gmole/m3
• RA=σAr ; r gmol/m3.s general Rx. rate
qCAf + σArV = qCA
q(CAf-CA)=- σArV
- q(C Af - C A ) qxC Af
V = = -
σAr
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa
2012/2013
σAr 6
 CSTR
Example 1: The elementary liquid phase reaction

is carried out isothermally in a CSTR. Pure A enters at

a volumetric flow rate of 25 dm3/s and at a
concentration of 0.2 mol/dm3.

What CSTR volume is necessary to achieve a 90%

conversion when k = 10 dm3/(mol*s)?
V = 562.5dm3
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa 7
2012/2013
 CSTR
Example 2: The irreversible liquid phase
second order reaction
is carried out in a CSTR. The entering
concentration of A, CA0, is 2 molar and
the exit concentration of A, CA is 0.1
molar. The entering and exiting
volumetric flow rate, vo, is constant at 3
dm3/s. What is the corresponding
reactor volume?
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa 8
2012/2013
 CSTR

Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa

9500 lit9
2012/2013
 CSTR
Example 3: The irreversible liquid phase second
order reaction: r = k CACB
2A +3B4C;k=0.025lit/mol.s,
is carried out in a CSTR. The entering
concentration of A, CAf & B, CBf is 2 & 6
molar respectively, and the exit
concentration of A, CA is 0.1 molar. The
entering and exiting volumetric flow rate,
q, is constant at 3 dm3/s. What is the
corresponding reactor volume? Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa
2012/2013
10
 CSTR
1. Rate Law:
r = k CACB , k=0.025lit/mol.s,

2. Mole Balance:

- q(C Af  C A ) qxC Af
V  
σ Ar σAr
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa 11
2012/2013
 CSTR
3. Stoichiometry
2A + 3B  4C
2 6 q
*Limiting reactant: CAf
V
CBf
A : CAf/σA =2/2 =1 CA
CB
B : CBf/σB = 6/3 = 2
q
 A is limiting reactant CA
CB
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa 12
2012/2013
 CSTR
2A + 3B  4C
feed CAf CBf
2 6
reacted xCAF (3/2)xCAf
0.95(2) (3/2)0.95(2)
remain CAf-xCAf CBf-(3/2)xCAf
2(1-0.95) 6-(3/2)0.95(2)

Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa

CA CB 13
2012/2013
 CSTR
4. Combine
(mole balance+ rate law+ stoichiometry)
- q(C Af  C A ) qxC Af
V  
σAr σ A kC A C B

5. Evaluate V = -(3)0.95 (2)

-2(0.025)CACB
Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa
362 lit 14
2012/2013
 CSTR
For the following reactions apply stoichiometry,
A + B  3C+D, CAf=1mol./lit.,CBf=2mol./lit.

A +2B  3C+D, CAf=2mol./lit.,CBf=2mol./lit.

2A +B  3C+D, CAf=2mol./lit.,CBf=2mol./lit.

A +2B  3C+D, CAf=2mol./lit.,CBf=3mol./lit.

A +2B  3C+D, CAf=2mol./lit.,CBf=4mol./lit.

Prof. Salwa Raafat Mostafa
2012/2013
15