CABBAGE

Submitted To Submitted By
Dr. Yograj Shukla Hemlata Kaushal
Important points about Cabbage:
• Cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy
green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as
an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads. 
• Cabbage seedlings have a thin taproot and cordate (heart-
shaped) cotyledons.
• Most cabbages have thick, alternating leaves, with margins that range
from wavy or lobed to highly dissected; some varieties have a waxy
bloom on the leaves.
•  Plants have root systems that are fibrous and shallow.
• Cabbage has been selectively bred for head weight
and morphological characteristics, frost hardiness, fast growth and
storage ability. 
• The characteristic flavor of cabbage is caused by glucosinolates, a class
of sulfur-containing glucosides. 
• There are three major types of cabbage, Brassica oleracea, green, red,
and savoy.
• Cabbage is normally harvested when the heads reach full size and are
firm, In cabbage harvesting is done depending on the maturity of the
head.
• Cabbage crop is planted on flat land or ridges and furrows.
• Both mashed cabbage and cabbage juice have been used in poultices to
remove boils and treat warts, pneumonia, appendicitis, and ulcers.
• Flavour in cabbage leaves is due to the glycoside sinigrin. 
• Cabbage contains goitrogens which cause enlargement of thyroid glands.
• The major cabbage producing states are Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Assam, West
Bengal, Maharashtra and Karnataka.
• Cultivation of cabbage is done mainly on sandy to heavy soils rich in organic matter. 
• Early crops prefer light soil while late crops thrive better on heavier soils due to
retention of moisture.
• On heavy soils, plants grow more slowly and the keeping quality is improved.
• A pH range of 6.0-6.5 is considered as optimum for growing cabbage.
• Plants growing in saline soils are prone to diseases.
• The seedlings should be transplanted within 4-6 weeks of sowing.
• Older seedlings when transplanted result in poor growth and yield.
Latest area and production of Cabbage
 Different Types of Cabbage
Early Maturing varieties : The varieties under this group are usually ready
within 60-70 days after transplanting the seedlings. The varieties are: Golden
Acre, Pride of India, Copenhagen Market, Early Drumhead, Pusa Mukta.

Midseason varieties : These varieties will be ready for harvesting in 80-90

days after planting. These varieties are: All Head early, Wisconsin, All Green,
September.

Late varieties : - These varieties require long winter season for good yield
and quality. The heads are ready in 90-120 days after planting. The varieties
under this group are : Pusa Drumhead, Danish Ballhead, Late Flat Dutch.
Question – 1 (Fill in the blanks):
1) The cabbage consists of thick leaves overlapping tightly on growing main bud
called_________.
2) It can be grown in a wide range of sandy to well drained heavy soils but it prefers _______soils.
3) Midseason varieties will be ready for harvesting in _______days after planting. 
4) Cabbage crop is planted on flat land or ridges and________.
5) Cabbage is heavy feeder especially of nitrogen and_______.
6) The cabbage is a popular cultivar of the species __________Family.
7)  It also contains significant amounts of_________, an amino acid that has anti-inflammatory
properties.
8)  Its germination is best at a soil temperature of about_________. 
9)  It is grown mainly as ______ crop during winter.
10) It is better to use urea instead of ______________where the soil is relatively acidic.
(Answers: 1. head 2. sandy loam 3. 80-90 4. furrows 5. potash 6. Brassica 7. glutamine 8. 55°F to
60°F 9. rabi 10. Ammonium Sulphate )
Question – 2 (True / False )
1) Cabbage is a narrow rooted plant.(False)
2) Cabbage is a cool season crop indicates that it responds favourably to lower temperatures
with adequate amounts of rainfall. (True)
3) Cabbage also requires less-drained soil. (False)
4) Cabbage contains goitrogens which cause enlargement of thyroid glands.(True)
5)  Sowing should be done thinly in lines spaced at 5-7 cm distance.(True)
6) Average yield obtained from early varieties is 15-20 t/ha.(False)
7) It may take up to 130 days for a late-season cabbage to mature.(True)
8) Excessive nitrogen application should be avoided, as it can lead to splitting of the head.(True)
9) Cruciferous flea beetles are small black beetles that attack cabbages throughout the growing
season. (True)
10) Cabbage maggots can severely stunt growth or kill seedlings and can lower quality and
reduce yields of more mature plants.(True)
(Answers: 1)Shallow 3) well-drained 6) 25-30 t/ha)
Question -3(Correct the statement)
1) Cabbage Maggot (Delia radicum) is an underground pest that feeds on the stem of the
host plants.
2) Tipburn is caused by adequate amounts of calcium in the youngest region of the plant.
3) Head splitting is caused by excessively slow growth.
4) Phyllotreta are small black beetles that attack cabbages throughout the germinated
season. 
5) Black rot is characterized by rotting of the leaves edges that slowly works into the centre
of the leaf.
6) Plasmodiophora brassicae is a water-borne disease that infects plants though the roots.
7) Cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables contain small amounts of thiocyanate, a
compound associated with cancer formation.
8) The characteristic flavor of cabbage is caused by glucosinolates, a class of chlorine-
containing glucosides. 
9) Cabbages must be isolated from other B. oleracea subspecies to prevent self-pollination.
10)  Vernalization allows the plant to grow to an adequate size before maturing.
Correction
1) Roots
2) Inadequate
3) Rapid
4) Growing
5) Yellowing
6) soil-borne
7) Goiter
8) Sulfur
9) cross-pollination
10) flowering
 Question – 4 (Match the following)
a) Alternaria Leafspot 1)  soft rot
b) Downy Mildew 2) Fusarium oxysporum
c) Sclerotinia
3) concentric rings
d) Cabbage Yellows
e) White Rust 4) Peronospora parasitica
f) Cabbage webworm 5) Hellula rogatalis
g) Trichoplusia 6) Albugo 
h) Pieris rapae
7) Cabbage looper
i) Beet armyworm
8) Shield-shaped
j) Harlequin Bug
9) Imported cabbageworm
Answers- a-3, b-4 c-1, d-2, e-6, f-5, 10) Spodoptera exigua
g-7, h-9, i-10, j-8
Question – 5 (Multiple choice question)
1) Chromosome no. of Cabbage is
a) 2n = 20 b) 2n =18 c) 2n= 16 d) 2n =24
2) Midseason  variety of Cabbage -
a)Purple top white b) Pusa Reshmi c) Wisconsin d) Snowball
3) Depth of sowing should be 
a)1.5cm b) 3cm c) 5cm d) 7cm
4) Seeds of Cabbage should be sown on ridges or rows at
a)30cm b) 60cm c) 45cm d) 90cm
5) Botanical Family Name of Cabbage
a)Cruciferae b) Brassicaceae c) Spikelet d) Peronospora
6) Seed rate in is Cabbage –
a)200 b) 500 c) 700 d) 900
7) Pollination System of is Cabbage
a) Self b) cross c) narrow d) broad
8) Optimum temp. for heading in Cabbage is –
b) 10-18 degree celcius b) 22 – 26 degree celcius c) 10 -15 degree
celcius
d) 25- 30 degree celcius
9) In the plains, the seeds of Cabbage are sown from
e) July to November b) September to October c) October to December
d) January to March
10) Cabbage needs a loose, well-aerated soil having a pH range of
 a)5.5 to 7.0 b) 4.4 to 5.0 c) 6.5 to 7.5 d) 5.0 to 6.0
Answers (1-b 2-c 3-a 4-a 5-b 6-a 7-b 8-b 9-a 10-c )
Recent Research:Growth, Yield and Profitability of Cabbage (Brassica
oleracea L.) as Influenced by Applied Nitrogen and Plant Spacing

• An experiment was conducted with cabbage during October 2017 to

February 2019 at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural
University, Bangladesh.
• Four levels of nitrogen: viz. 0, 150, 250 and 350 kg ha-1 and three plant
spacings: 50 x 30, 50 x 40 and 50 x 50 cm were applied in a Randomized
Complete Block Design with three replications.
• Nitrogen @ 250 kg ha-1 with the spacing of 50 x 50 cm was more effective
and produced the highest fresh weight of head (2.17 kg), marketable
head yield (86.93 t ha-1). This treatment was also more profitable than
the rest of the treatments, while the lowest profit was in N0S1.
Recent Research:A new experimental hybrid of cabbage suitable for early production

• The hybrids were tested together for two years and then one (H17) was
chosen and submitted to the Variety Commission of the Republic of Serbia.
In 2011, the experimental hybrid H17 was officially released as an early
cabbage hybrid and registered under the name of NS Mendo F1.
• The hybrid had been developed by crossing two early lines, one of which
was sterile. It is characterized by a short growing season - 65 days from
transplanting to harvest. The head weight ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 kg
depending on the cultural practice applied. The head is light green in color,
sweet-tasting, and suitable for fresh consumption.
• The hybrid's traits that contributed significantly to the formation of the first
principal component were in fact those that the breeders attach most
importance to in their breeding programs.
THANK YOU