GEETHANJALI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

Cheeryal (V), Keesara (M), Medchal Dist.

Telangana - 501301

1
Proficiency in

Basic

Dr. R. Naga Kishore, M.Pharm, Ph.D

Professor, Head
Department of Pharmacology
Geethanjali College of Pharmacy
Dr. R. Naga Kishore 17 December 2020
What is the need to learn basic
science?

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Why we hear?

Objective

• To understand the need

of learning Basic
sciences

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Lecture topics
• Basic science to Pharmacy
• Definition of Pharmacy and Drug
• Scope of Pharmacy
• Naming of Drugs
• Pharmacist career
• Pharmacy Education
• Pharmacy Ethics
• Good Dispensing practice

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Back to the times….
Biology
• Understanding anatomy physiology
pathophysiology
Zoology
• Pharmacology

• Plants morphology.
Botany • Understanding interms of the medicinal
importantce
• Pharmacognosy

• Understanding of the properties of the

drugs and formulation
Physics,Maths
• Pharmaceutics, Medicinal chemistry
Chemistry II
Chapter 2: SOLUTIONS
• Drug solubility and stability
Chapter 3: ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL • Pharmaceutics
KINETICS
Chapter 4: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Chapter 8: POLYMERS

• Biochemical-carbohydrate metabolism & DNA RNA etc.,

• DRUG INTERACTION AT CELLULAR LEVEL
Chapter 9: BIOMOLECULES

• Drug actions---Pharmacology

Chapter 10: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE

• Understanding of the properties of the drugs and Synthesis of drugs,

Other chapters-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS intermediate compounds
• Medicinal chemistry
Chemistry I
In Brief
• Biology
1

• Anatomy and Physiology

2

• Pharmacology
3 • Clinical and community Pharmacy

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

In Brief
• Chemistry (Organic and
1 Inorganic, Green Chemistry)

• Medicinal Chemistry,
2 Natural Products

• Drug Design and Drug

3 Discovery

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

In Brief
• Maths, Physics, Computational &
1 others

• Pharmaceutics
2 • Kinetics

• Formulations of Medicines
3 • Drug Development

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Pharmacy : Blend of All…Subject

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Aims of Modern pharmaceutical
education

• Provide scientific background

• Provide professional skills and
knowledge
• Provide business training
• Provide broad general
education

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

 Pharmacy Education
• The courses of pharmacy education:
1. Pharmaceutics, biopharmaceutics and clinical pharmacy
2. Pharmacognosy
3. Organic chemistry
4. Analytical chemistry
5. Pharmaceutical chemistry
6. Biochemistry
7. Microbiology and public health
8. Pharmacology & toxicology
9. Clinical Pharmacy
• Complementary studies include: Mathematics,
management, pharmacy law

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

 Types of education necessary for
creating a pharmacist
• Basic science (Chemistry, Biology, Physics)
• Clinical studies.
• Technical Skills
• Drug information and scientific knowledge
• Economic knowledge
• Psychological and sociological understanding

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Definition of Pharmacy
• Pharmacy: Derived from the
Greek word Pharmakon means
medicine or drug.
• Pharmacy: Is the art and science
of preparing, dispensing and
proper utilization of medications
and the provision of drug-related
information to the public.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

 Definitions
• Pharmacy:
The health science which deals with drug
preparation and dispensing

• Pharmacist (druggist):
The person who is licensed to prepare and
dispense drug.
"Pharmacist is the drug
expert"
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Definitions
• Clinical:
Clinical means dealing with patients

• Clinical pharmacy:
Clinical pharmacy is the branch of pharmacy which
provide patient care that optimizes the use of
medication and promotes health, and disease
prevention.
“Providing pharmaceutical care for
patients”. Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Definition of Drug
• According to the FDA (Food and Drug Administration),
Drug is:
a substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure,
mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Drug
• The material may be:
1. Natural in origin (plant-animal-minerals)--(Botany, Zoology)
2. Synthetic drugs like aspirin ----- (Chemistry)
3. Semi synthetic like ampicillines ---- (Bacteria., Fungi…)

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

 Scope of Pharmacy
It involves:
1. Interpretation of prescription orders
2. Compounding
3. Labeling
4. Dispensing of drugs and devices. --- (Maths)
5. Drug product selection and drug utilization
reviews. (Chemistry, Health care dept.)
6. Patient monitoring and interventions ----
(Anatomy)
7. Provision of information of medications and
devices. ---- (Chemistry, Engineering)
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Naming of a drug
• Chemical name: The name indicating
the chemical structure of the drug.
• Generic name: The name given to the
compound during early investigation.
• Official name: The name given to the
drug in the pharmacopoeia.
• Brand name: Trade name of the drug in
the market.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

 How do we name drugs?
• analgesic compound :
O
OH NH C CH3

• Chemical name :N- acetyl- para- aminophenol

• Official name: B.P. 1998: paracetamol.

• USP XXII: acetaminophen.

• Brand name (Trade name):

• Abimol (Glaxo), Paramol (Misr)
• Pyral (Kahira), Cetal (Eipico)
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 1. Community pharmacist
2. Hospital pharmacist
Pharmacist Career 3. Clinical pharmacist
4. Industrial pharmacist
5. Medical representative pharmacist
6. Academic (research) pharmacist

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Community Pharmacist
• Definition: Pharmacist working in public
pharmacy.
• Job description:
1. dispense prescription medications to
patients
2. offer expertise in the safe use of
prescriptions.
3. provide advice on how to lead a healthy
lifestyle, conduct health and wellness
screenings
4. provide immunizations
5. oversee the medications given to
patients. Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Pharmacy Profession
• Patient services Drug Services
Innovating new Drugs
Screening for effect and safety
Analysis
Direct Activities Indirect activities Formulation
In process quality control
- Hospital Pharmacy - Drug promotion
Production
- Clinical Pharmacy - Family planning program Final quality control
- Community Pharmacy - Dehydration treatment program Distribution
- Bio chemical analysis- National Screening
- Microbiological analysis - Preventive Measures
- Immunolgical analysis - For epidemic diseases
• Ensure drug quality: Good manufacture practice GMP validation and
quality assurance.
• The production: of all human dosage forms cosmetics, vaccines, blood
products, blood replacements,Dr. certain pesticides and veterinary drugs.
R. Naga Kishore
 Community pharmacy

• Retail pharmacy or First line pharmacy

(Independent or chain pharmacy)

• The pharmacist serves as portal of entry into

the health care system.

• The community pharmacist help assist these

patients to find the best health specialty or deal
himself with the problem for OTC ( over the
counter) drugs.
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Hospital pharmacy

• The practice of pharmacy in private or

governmental hospital dealing with inpatients
or even outpatients.

• The wide increase in hospital number make the

requirement for hospital pharmacist is greater
than before.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Code of Ethics
• Pharmacists are health professional
who assist individuals in making
the best use of medications
• This code states the principles
fundamental roles and
responsibilities of pharmacists
• The principles are:
• pharmacists respect relationship
between the patient and pharmacist
and this occurs by:
• Pharmacist has to maintain knowledge
• Pharmacist asks for the consultation of
colleagues
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Code of Ethics
• Pharmacist promotes the good of every
patient in a confidential manner by
considering:
• Needs stated by the patient
• Needs defined by health science
• Pharmacist respect autonomy and
dignity of each patient.
• Autonomy: a pharmacist promotes the rights
of self determination by encouraging patient
to participate in decisions about their health.
• Dignity: in all cases. The pharmacist
respects personal and cultural differences
among patients.
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Good Dispensing Practice
A) Proper labeling (UAE Typical example)

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Good Dispensing Practice
B) Proper Storage
1- Use amber glass bottles for light
sensitive drugs such as Acyclovir,
Atenolol
2- Use refrigerator for heat sensitive
drugs such as Thorazine and
Desipramine.
3- Use air tight containers for oxygen
sensitive drugs such as Amiodarone,
Bleomycin
4- Use adsorbents for hydrolysable
drugs such as Acetaminophen,
Amiodarone, Chlorpromazine and
Clonidine. Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Good Dispensing Process
• Label it properly and check for expiry
data.
• Clean and organize the working area.
• Proper recording of the drugs
(inventory control)

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Good Dispensing Environment--- (Physics, Microbiology)
Dispensing environments must be clean, because most medicinal
products are for internal use, making it important that they be
hygienic and uncontaminated. The environment must also be
organized so that dispensing can be performed accurately and
efficiently. The dispensing environment includes:
• Staff
• Physical surroundings
• Shelving and storage areas
• Surfaces used during work
• Equipment and packaging materials

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

 Good Dispensing Person

The dispenser
must be:
Organized,
Knowledgeable,
Trained,
Honest and
Communicative.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

 Pharmacy College Departments

1 Clinical pharmacy
2 Microbiology
3 Pharmaceutical chemistry
4 Pharmaceutics
5 Analytical chemistry
6 Pharmacology
7 Biochemistry
8 Pharmacognosy Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Department of pharmacy colleges
Clinical pharmacy:
this deals with providing patients care, drug
therapeutics, Prevention of drug interactions, Drug
information service, Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic
drug monitoring

Microbiology:
Microbiology (mīkros, "small"; bios, "life"; and logia is
studying.The study of microscopic organisms.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Department of pharmacy
colleges
Pharmaceutical chemistry (Medicinal
chemistry) : Medicinal chemistry is concerned
with discovery, design, and chemical synthesis
of drugs for market.
Pharmaceutics:
Pharmaceutics is the discipline of pharmacy
that deals with the process of turning drug
substance into a medication to be used
safely and effectively by patients.
“the science of dosage form
design”
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Department of pharmacy colleges
Biochemistry:
Biochemistry or biological chemistry is the study of
molecules and chemical processes within living
organisms

Pharmacognosy:
Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs derived from
natural sources.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Department of pharmacy colleges
Analytical (inorganic) chemistry :
The study of the separation, identification, and
quantification of the chemical components of
natural and artificial materials.

Pharmacology:
Pharmacology (pharmakon, "drug" and logia
• "study of) is the branch of medicine
concerned with the study of drug action at
receptor site. Dr. R. Naga Kishore
New trends in pharmacy education and
research
Pharmacogenomics:
it is the study of the role of genetics in drug
response

Pharmacoepidemiology:
this studies the patterns of drug effects, use and
side effects in defined populations.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Dr. R. Naga Kishore
New trends in pharmacy education and
research
Pharmacoeconomic:
it is study that evaluates the cost and effects of a
pharmaceutical product.

Molecular biology:
The study of the molecular mechanisms by which
genetic information encoded in DNA is able to
result in the biological process.

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

New trends in pharmacy education
and research
Pharmacovigilance :

The word "pharmacovigilance" are: pharmakon

(Greek for drug) and vigilare (Latin for to keep
watch).

the pharmacological science relating to the

detection, assessment, monitoring, and
prevention of adverse effects with
pharmaceutical products
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Pharmacy Education
Fields
• Biomedical Science

• Pharmaceutical Science

• Behavioral, Social &

Administrative
• Pharmacy practice

• Professional Experience

• Electives
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Biomedical
Science
• Anatomy
• Physiology
• histology
• Pathology
• Microbiology
• Biochemistry
• Organic Chemistry
• Analytical
chemistry Dr. R. Naga Kishore
 Pharmaceutical Sciences

• Medicinal Chemistry
• Pharmacognosy
• Pharmacology
• Toxicology
• Biopharmaceutics
• Pharmacokinetics

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Behavioral, Social & Administrative Science

• Computer science
• terminology
• English
• Pharmacy orientation
• psychology
• Pharmacy Laws
• Biostatistics
• sociology
Dr. R. Naga Kishore
Pharmacy Practice

• Pharmaceutical Formulation
• Clinical pharmacy
• Therapeutic
• Drug interaction
• Drug information

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Right Use of Digital Technology

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

What you learnt

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Conclusion
• Biology
1

• Anatomy and Physiology

2

• Pharmacology
3 • Clinical and community Pharmacy

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Conclusion
• Chemistry (Organic and
1 Inorganic, Green Chemistry)

• Medicinal Chemistry,
2 Natural Products

• Drug Design and Drug

3 Discovery

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Conclusion
• Maths, Physics, Computational &
1 others

• Pharmaceutics
2 • Kinetics

• Formulations of Medicines
3 • Drug Development

Dr. R. Naga Kishore

Thank You

Dr. R. Naga Kishore