•Smart metering is a major development in utility industries today

especially the electricity industries. However, many benefits of

smart metering have not been fully explored due to the limited
functions of many prepaid meters that have been implemented so
far in most developing countries. With the spread of internet use
and web based application [1], there is the need to focus on how
prepaid meters can be aided to stay online through Mobile
Communication Systems [2] available in most developing countries.
In this paper, design of Smart Energy Meter was achieved with
Atmega 328 microcontroller as the main part for evaluating
consumed electric power and Power Factor (PF). Energy Meter is
used as input unit as it contains voltage and current. The root mean
square (rms) value of voltage and current, consumed electric power,
and PF will be monitored through LCD at customers premise and
these parameters also are sent through a GSM wireless network to
the base and monitor electric power consumption.
An embedded system is some combination of
computer hardware and software, with either fixed or
programmable capabilities, that is specifically
designed for a particular kind of application device.

Embedded systems do a very specific task, they

cannot be programmed to do different things.
Consumer appliances
Office Automations
Industrial automation
Medical electronics
Computer Networking
Telecommunications
Wireless technologies
Security
Microcontroller ATmega168/328
Operating Voltage 5V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
Analog Input Pins 6
DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA
DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA
16 KB (ATmega168) or 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 2
Flash Memory
KB used by bootloader
SRAM 1 KB (ATmega168) or 2 KB (ATmega328)
EEPROM 512 bytes (ATmega168) or 1 KB (ATmega328)
Clock Speed 16 MHz
A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat
panel used for electronically displaying
information such as text, images, and moving
pictures.
Its uses include monitors for computers,
televisions, instrument panels, and other
devices ranging from aircraft cockpit displays,
to every-day consumer devices such as
gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators,
and telephones.
 Among its major features are its lightweight
construction, its portability, and its ability to be
produced in much larger screen sizes than are
practical for the construction of cathode ray tube
(CRT) display technology.
 Temperature Sensor (LM35)
 It has an output voltage that is proportional to the
Celsius temperature. The scale factor is .01V/oC
•The general equation used to convert output voltage to
temperature is:
•Temperature ( oC) = Vout * (100 oC/V)
•So if  Vout  is  1V , then, Temperature = 100 oC
•The output voltage varies linearly with temperature.
Infrared Flame Detector
Infrared (IR) flame detectors work within the infrared
spectral band. Hot gases emit a specific spectral pattern in
the infrared region, which can be sensed with a thermal
imaging camera (TIC) a type of thermo graphic camera.
False alarms can be caused by other hot surfaces and
background thermal radiation in the area as well as
blinding from water and solar energy. A typical frequency
where single frequency IR flame detector is sensitive is in
the 4.4 micrometre range. Typical response time is 3-5
seconds.
 
It reduces the man power.

Accuracy is high.
Arduino software
 The Arduino Uno can be programmed with the Arduino software. Select "Arduino Uno from the Tools > Board
menu (according to the microcontroller on your board).For details, see the reference and tutorials. The ATmega328 on
the Arduino Uno comes preburned with a boot loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an
external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol (reference, C header files).We
can also bypass the boot loader and programs the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming)
header; see these instructions for details. The ATmega16U2 (or 8U2 in the rev1 and rev2 boards) firmware source
code is available. The ATmega16U2/8U2 is loaded with a DFU boot loader, which can be activated by:
 On Rev1 boards: connecting the solder jumper on the back of the board (near the map of Italy) and then resetting
the 8U2.
 On Rev2 or later boards: there is a resistor that pulling the 8U2/16U2 HWB line to ground, making it easier to put
into DFU mode.
 The Arduino Uno has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another Arduino, or other
microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provides UART TTL (5V) serial communication, which is available on digital pins
0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An ATmega16U2 on the board channels this serial communication over USB and appears as a
virtual com port to software on the computer. The '16U2 firmware uses the standard USB COM drivers, and no
external driver is needed. However, on Windows, an .information file is required. The Arduino software includes a
serial monitor which allows simple textual data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on
the board will flash when data is being transmitted via the USB-to-serial chip and USB connection to the computer
(but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A Software Serial library allows for serial communication on any
of the Uno's digital pins. The ATmega328 also supports I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software
includes aWire library to simplify use of the I2C bus
Smart metering is obviously the way forward in the
pursuit of power efficiency on the part of the power
companies as well as their consumers. This work
described the design and development of Smart
Energy metering system for load control. One of the
main achievements of this work is the development,
using local and available materials, of a smart energy
meter. This affords for it to be an economical
alternative to its more expensive counterparts in the
market.
