DETECTION OF SPEED BREAKERS

ON THE ROAD IN REAL-TIME

WITH THE CONCEPT OF
FEDERATED LEARNING
Supervised By 1
Prof. Dr. Md. Abdur Razzaque
Presented By

Rashfit Ahmed Rahi(161002008) 04/04/2021

Md. Mamunur Rahman (161002027)
CONTENTS

 Introduction and Importance

 Problem Definitions
 Literature Reviews
 Objectives
 Evaluation Plan
 Proposed Methodology

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INTRODUCTION
• Road accidents are increasing day by day all over the world.
• It also has become the leading cause of death all over the world specially in
developing countries.
• Worldwide the total number of road traffic deaths has reached 1.35 million per year.
• For this Road accidents always has been a major issue for each country.

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IMPORTANCE
• Traffic is increasing day by day because the numbers of vehicles are increasing.
• To decrease speed-related accidents the traffic calming devices which are commonly
installed are speed-breakers.
• So detecting the speed-breakers and make them attainable to the drivers will provide
a better driving experience.

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PROBLEM DESCRIPTION

Due to unawareness of speed-breakers, 6672 people died in India according to the

Road Accident Report 2014 published by the road transport and highways ministry in
India.

So the drivers need to be aware of the speed-breakers within the driver's location.
Much research has been done regarding this particular problem.

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LITERATURE REVIEWS

Main Theme
• By a smart-phone based application to alert the driver in advance when the
vehicle is approaching a speed breaker.
• The application constantly monitors the smart-phone accelerometer to detect
previously unknown speed breakers.
Drawbacks
 The server does not immediatly add a previously unknown speed-breaker to
the confirmed list.
 But instead it waits for other smart-phones to report the same speed-breaker.

**Jain, Mohit, Ajeet Pal Singh, Soshant Bali, and Sanjit Kaul. "Speed-Breaker Early Warning System." In NSDR. 2012.**

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LITERATURE REVIEWS
Main Theme
Detection of speed bumps is recognized with the help of image
processing.

Drawbacks
Accuracy rate of detecting different speed bumps is around 68.4
percent.
Uses only stored data.
Works only in daylight.

** W.Devapriya, C.Nelson kennedy Babu, T.Srihari .Advance Driver Assistance System(ADAS)-speed bump detection.2015
iIEEE international conference on computational intelligence and computing research DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.2412.3285.**

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LITERATURE REVIEWS
Main Theme
In this paper the proposed a vibration based approach for automatic detection of
pothholes and speed-breaker along with their co-ordinates and severity using
androids built in accelerometer..
These events along with their saverity and location co-ordinates are stored in local
database of mobile device.

Drawbacks
These local database is syncronised with the global database as soon as the session
ends.
The syncronization is done in such a way that the previous road surface condition
is replaced by the current one.
They did not describe the methodology of how to calculate distance between
running vehicles and upcoming speed-breakers.
** Rishiwal V, Khan H. Automatic pothole and speed breaker detection using android system. In2016 39th International Convention on Information and
Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO) 2016 May 30 (pp. 1270-1273). IEEE..**
8
OBJECTIVES
 By using android device we can detect speed breaker of the current location.
 Our methodology is to always update the learnings in the server. To develop
this, the concept which we are using is the Federated Learning.
 We are using the Haversine Method which will detect speed breaker nearest to
the current location and the learning will be stored in the local storage.
 The system will give a voice sms to the driver of coming speed breaker which
is in the 100m of distance.
 The system will give feedback to the central server either after detecting
numbers (n) of speed-breakers or after (t) times of starting the journey.

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Federated Learning
The goal is to train a high-quality centralized model with training data distributed
over a large number of clients.

 Data security and Privacy

 Real Time Prediction
 Offline Prediction
 Distributed Learning to speed-up learning
 Resource Optimization

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Federated Learning Architecture

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EVALUATION PLAN

• By using android device we have collected learning data sets, by these learning
datasets we can derive the general learning sample of a speed-breaker.
• After analyzing the threshold value it will generate the confidence of a speed breaker
of a location.
• After anlyzing the learning obtained from data collected over various experimental
drives we can formulated a threshold value to distinguish between smooth roads and
speed-breakers.
• We are developing an app which will detect the speed breaker while driving and send
to the central server.

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PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Architecture
Central Server

User 1 ………………………..…………
User N

GPS and
Acceleration Vehicular speed
GPS and
Acceleration Vehicular speed

Fig: Functions of The User 04/04/2021 13

PROPOSED METHODOLOGY

Architecture

Making current learnings of lea Send

Central Server rni in
speed breakers by the ng g n
algorithm bre s of ew
ak sp
ers ee
d

Receiving
current
Learnings of User N
Speed- User 1 User 2
breakers

Fig: Functions of The Central Server

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ALGORITHM FOR UPDATING THE LEARNINGS OF A SPEED
BREAKER
At a specific location, L (x,y) which is a speed breaker
where x = latitude value of L
y = longitude value of L
Variables: α, β
Here, α = current learning in the central server at location (L)
β = received new learning experience from a user at location (L)

After receiving a new learning of the speed breaker at location (L)

if
α = null
compute α = β
else
α = γβ+λα
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SAMPLE LEARNING
DATASETS

Learnings of Smooth Road Learnings of GPS Learnings of Speed breaker

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Method
 
OF DETECTING A SPEED BREAKER
By analyzing the sample learnings data sets which was collected throughout
some experimental drives, we found that here we can use the Z-Value
(threshold value of acceleration along z-axis) to differentiate between smooth
road and speed breakers.
The main formula is
If the speed of the vehicle is less then 20 km/h
And the Z-Value is between 14m to 27m, then there would be any speed breaker,
the system will detect it and will also generate a Confidence-Value.

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Z-VALUE FOR GENERATING CONFIDENCE VALUE

Z-Value Confidence-Value
14.00m 16.00m .25

16.01m 19.00m .50

19.01m 23.00m .75
23.01m 27.00m 1.00

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SPEED BREAKER DATA COLLECTION AFTER A TEST
DRIVE 1
Sl. Latitude Longitude Vehicular- Z-Value Confidence-
Speed Value
01 23.790436 90.376650 008.6 14.142294 .25
02 23.790265 90.376712 006.0 17.476656 .50
03 23.789798 90.376898 004.5 15.177095 .25

01 02 03 04/04/2021 19
SPEED BREAKER DATA COLLECTION AFTER A TEST
DRIVE 2
Sl. Latitude Longitude Vehicular- Z-Value Confidence-
Speed Value
01 23.790436 90.376650 012.5 18.539569 .50
02 23.790265 90.376712 003.7 14.326548 .50
03 23.789798 90.376898 005.5 21.184752 .75

01 02 03 04/04/2021 20
PERFOMANCE EVALUATION OF OUR
PROPOSED ALGORTIHM
Direct Updating vs Our proposed algorithm’s updating learning of a speed breaker at location 1, 2, 3

0.8

0.7

0.6 0.55
0.5
0.5
Confidence

0.4
0.4

0.30.25 0.25

0.2

0.1

0
1 2 3

Locations
Direct Update Our Method Direct Update2

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Any Question
?
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