Respiratory system

Page 42-48
Objective
• To model aerobic respiration using a word equation
• To explain how oxygen enters the blood, and how carbon dioxide is removed
• To describe the parts and functions of the respiratory system
Respiration VS breathing?
Respiration VS breathing
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration is a chemical reaction. We model it using
a word equation.
oxygen+ glucose → carbon dioxide+ water
The reactants are on the left of the arrow, and the products are on the right.
Gas exchange
Oxygen exists as tiny molecules, which are constantly moving. If there are many
oxygen molecules in one place and fewer in another, there is an overall movement
of molecules towards the place with fewer molecules. We call this diffusion.
Gas exchange
Oxygen enters your blood in your lungs. At the
same time, carbon dioxide leaves your blood.
This exchange of gases is gaseous exchange.
The lungs contain millions of pockets, called
alveoli. Capillaries cover each alveolus. There
are more oxygen molecules inside an alveolus
than in the blood in a capillary. This means that
oxygen diffuses from the alveolus into the
blood.
Respiratory system
Your respiratory system
moves air in and out of your
lungs, through a series of
tubes. The largest tube is
the trachea, which is divided
into two bronchi. Each
bronchus goes into a lung,
and leads to many smaller
tubes called bronchioles.
Other parts of the
respiratory system include
the ribs anddiaphragm.
Breathing
When you inhale (breathe in), muscles between your ribs contract and move
your ribcage upwards and outwards. Muscles in your diaphragm contract and
flatten it. This increases the volume of your chest. Air flows through your nose
into your lungs.
When you exhale (breathe out), the muscles relax. Your ribcage falls, and your
diaphragm rises. Your chest volume gets smaller and air flows out of your lungs.
The number of times you inhale and exhale in one minute is your breathing rate
(in breaths per minute).