Surveying in Removable Partial Dentures: DR Farzana Memon

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SURVEYING IN
REMOVABLE PARTIAL
DENTURES
Dr Farzana Memon
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Terms
1. Survey line
2. Undercut
3. Guiding planes
4. Path of insertion
5. Path of displacement
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UNDERCUTS
• The portion of the surface of an object that

is below the height of contour in
relationship to the path of placement.
OR
• Area below the maximum convexity.
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Types Of Undercuts
Tooth Undercuts (Proximal

undercuts)
Soft Tissues or bony

Undercuts(on lingual side
of ridge)
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• 0.010” undercut Cobalt chrome

• 0.015” undercut gold alloy
• 0.020” undercut wrought wire
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Guiding Planes
Vertically parallel surfaces on abutment teeth

oriented so as to contribute to the direction of
the path of placement and removal of a
removable dental prosthesis.
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Two or more parallel axial surfaces on abutment teeth which can

be used to limit the path of insertion and improve the stability of a
removable prosthesis. Guide surfaces may occur naturally on
teeth but more commonly need to be prepared.
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PATH OF INSERTION
• The specific direction in which a prosthesis is

placed on and removed from the abutment teeth.
• path of withdrawal (reverse of path of insertion)

• path of placement
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A single path of insertion
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Occasionally a rotational path of insertion is

employed.
Rotational path of insertion

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Potential
FreePath ofTemplates
Powerpoint Dislodgement
Regardless of the path of insertion, the path of

dislodgement results from masticatory function that pulls
the prosthesis in a direction perpendicular to the occlusal
plane.
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SURVEYING
An analysis and comparison of the prominence

of intraoral contours associated with the
fabrication of a dental prosthesis.
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SURVEYOR
The surveyor was first introduced to dental

profession in 1918.
A surveyor is an instrument used to determine

the relative parallelism of surfaces of teeth or
other areas on a cast of a dental arch.
(Stewart)
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A paralleling instrument used in the construction

of a dental prosthesis to locate and delineate the
contours and relative positions of abutment teeth
and associated structures.
-(GPT-8)
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Early Paralleling instruments
THE CHAYES PARALLELOMETER (circa 1920)
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THE CHAYES PARALLELOMETER

SYSTEM
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Paralleling device used as a jig for the Grisworld Attachment System

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THE ROBINSON SURVEYOR (circa

1918)
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A. Original Ney’s Surveyor (1923)

B. Current model of Ney’s Surveyor (1937)
C. Modified Ney’s Surveyor (mid 1960s)
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Will’s Surveyor 1937 Recent Design Of The Will’ Surveyor

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The Roach Surveyor (1944)
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Functions\Objectives\purposes
of Surveyor
• To determine the height of contour
• To determine the extent of contour
• To provide guidance in designing of
retainers (Locate the areas of teeth to be
used for retention)
• To provide guidance in choosing material
of retainers.
• Parallelism (Guiding planes)
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• To analyze the study casts in relation to

relative undercuts.
• To block out undesired undercuts
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• To determine the path of insertion\removal

• To determine a universal path of insertion
for multiple saddles.
• To harmonize contours of ceramic crowns.
• Aesthetics(concealed metal components
and proper selection of teeth)
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Failure to insert the denture
(Black bar)
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PARTS OF A SURVEYOR
1. Level Platform/Base
2. Cast Holder or
Surveying Table
3. Vertical arm
4. Horizontal arm
5. Surveying arm
6. Surveying Tools
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Accessories/surveying tools
1.Analyzing rod
2.Carbon(graphite) marker
3.Undercut gauges
4. Wax knife/ Trimming
knife
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Analyzing Rod
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Identifies undercut areas and to determine the

parallelism of surfaces without marking the cast.
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Graphite Marker
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• The graphite rod is moved around the tooth and

along the alveolar ridge.
• The tip of the marker should be level with the
gingival margin.
• To identify and mark the position of maximum
convexity (Survey line) separating non undercut
areas from the undercut areas.
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Incorrect positioning of Graphite marker
False Survey Line

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Undercut Gauges
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• These gauges are provided in 0.25, 0.50 and

0.75 mm for measurement of horizontal extent of
undercut
• Adjusting the vertical position of the gauge until
the shank and head should contact the cast
simultaneously.
• It allows the correct positioning of retentive clasp
arms on the tooth surface.
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Wax Knife (Trimming Knife)
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• This instrument is used to eliminate unwanted

undercuts on the master cast.
• Wax is added to these unwanted undercuts
areas and then the excess is removed with the
trimming knife so that the modified surfaces are
parallel to the chosen path of insertion.
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This partial denture cannot be inserted in the mouth

because of failure to eliminate unwanted undercuts on
the cast.
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This denture has been processed on a correctly

prepared cast by blocking out undercuts. As a result
there is no interference with insertion.
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The trimming knife can also be used to prepare

guide surfaces on wax patterns of crowns for
abutment teeth
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Keep
Smiling 47
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Free Powerpoint Templates

• The portion of the surface of an object that

Tooth Undercuts (Proximal

Soft Tissues or bony

• 0.010” undercut Cobalt chrome

Vertically parallel surfaces on abutment teeth

Two or more parallel axial surfaces on abutment teeth which can

• The specific direction in which a prosthesis is

• path of withdrawal (reverse of path of insertion)

A single path of insertion

Occasionally a rotational path of insertion is

Rotational path of insertion

Regardless of the path of insertion, the path of

An analysis and comparison of the prominence

The surveyor was first introduced to dental

A surveyor is an instrument used to determine

A paralleling instrument used in the construction

THE CHAYES PARALLELOMETER (circa 1920)

THE CHAYES PARALLELOMETER

Paralleling device used as a jig for the Grisworld Attachment System

THE ROBINSON SURVEYOR (circa

A. Original Ney’s Surveyor (1923)

Will’s Surveyor 1937 Recent Design Of The Will’ Surveyor

The Roach Surveyor (1944)

• To analyze the study casts in relation to

• To determine the path of insertion\removal

Identifies undercut areas and to determine the

• The graphite rod is moved around the tooth and

False Survey Line

• These gauges are provided in 0.25, 0.50 and

• This instrument is used to eliminate unwanted

This partial denture cannot be inserted in the mouth

This denture has been processed on a correctly

The trimming knife can also be used to prepare

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