MBA

MBA IIIISem
Sem

Organization
OrganizationBehavior
Behavior

Prof. Mahak Shrivastava

 Organization Behavior

Unit I:
1.Introduction to Organization Behavior.
2.Definition, need and importance of OB.
3.Levels of analysis in OB.
4.Challenges and Opportunities for OB
5.Relationship of OB with other fields.

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 Unit 1: Introduction to …..

OB studies what people do in an organization and

how that behavior affects the performance of the
organization.

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It is a systematic study of the behavior and attitudes of
both individuals and groups within the organizations
Lets see the role played by organization ……how it
reaches to effectiveness.

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What is OB???

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LEVELS OF ANALYSIS OF
ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

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Goals of Organisational Behavior
at Different Levels :
Organizational Level : Culture, Change
Management, Financial Performance, Customer
Satisfaction & Retention.
Group Level : Group performance, Information
Sharing, Cross-functional Partnerships, Conflict
Management, Leadership, Power & Politics.
Individual Level : Perception, Performance,
Personality, Attitude & Motivation.

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INDIVIDUAL LEVEL OF
ANALYSIS
 At the individual level of analysis, organizational
behaviour involves the study of learning, task,
perception, creativity, motivation, personality, turnover,
performance, cooperative behaviour, deviant behaviour,
ethics, and cognition. At this level of analysis,
organizational behaviour draws heavily upon
psychology, engineering, and medicine.

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 GROUP LEVEL OF ANALYSIS

At the group level of analysis, organizational

behaviour involves the study of group dynamics,
intra- and intergroup conflict and cohesion,
leadership, power, norms, interpersonal
communication, networks, and roles. At this level of
analysis, organizational behaviour draws upon the
sociological and socio-psychological sciences.

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 ORGANIZATION LEVEL OF
ANALYSIS
At the organization level of analysis, organizational
behavior involves the study of topics such as
organizational culture, organizational structure, cultural
diversity, inter-organizational cooperation and conflict,
change, technology, and external environmental forces. At
this level of analysis, organizational behavior draws upon
anthropology and political science.

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ELEMENTS OF OB
 There are three major factors that affect OB. The working environment
being the base for all three factors, they are also known as the determinants
of OB. The three determinants are −
 People
 Structure
 Technology

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 People
 An organization consists of people with different traits, personality, skills,
qualities, interests, background, beliefs, values and intelligence. In order to
maintain a healthy environment, all the employees should be treated
equally and be judged according to their work and other aspects that affects
the firm.
 Example − A company offers campus placement to trainees from different
states like Orissa, Haryana, Arunachal Pradesh and many more. However,
during and after training, all trainees are examined only on the basis of
their performance in the tasks assigned.

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 Organizational Structure
 Structure is the layout design of an organization. It is the construction and
arrangement of relationships, strategies according to the organizational
goal.
 Example − Organizational structure defines the relation of a manager with
employees and co-workers.

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 Technology

 Technology can be defined as the implementation of scientific knowledge

for practical usage. It also provides the resources required by the people
that affect their work and task performance in the right direction.

 Example − Introduction of SAP, big data and other software in the market
determines individual and organizational performance.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF OB

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IMPORTANCE OF OB

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MODELS OF OB

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 Autocratic Model

The root level of this model is power with a managerial orientation of

authority. The employees in this model are oriented towards
obedience and discipline. They are dependent on their boss. The
employee requirement that is met is subsistence. The performance
result is less.
The major drawbacks of this model are people are easily frustrated,
insecurity, dependency on the superiors, minimum performance
because of minimum wage.

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Custodial Model

The root level of this model is economic resources with a managerial

orientation of money. The employees in this model are oriented
towards security and benefits provided to them. They are dependent
on the organization. The employee requirement that is met is security.
This model is adapted by firms having high resources as the name
suggest. It is dependent on economic resources. This approach directs
to depend on firm rather than on manager or boss. They give passive
cooperation as they are satisfied but not strongly encouraged.

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Supportive Model

The root level of this model is leadership with a managerial

orientation of support. The employees in this model are oriented
towards their job performance and participation. The employee
requirement that is met is status and recognition. The
performance result is awakened drives.
This model is dependent on leadership strive. It gives a climate
to help employees grow and accomplish the job in the interest of
the organization. Management job is to assist the employee’s job
performance. Employees feel a sense of participation.

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Collegial Model

The root level of this model is partnership with a managerial

orientation of teamwork. The employees in this model are
oriented towards responsible behavior and self-discipline. The
employee requirement that is met is self-actualization. The
performance result is moderate zeal.
This is an extension of supportive model. The team work
approach is adapted for this model. Self-discipline is maintained.
Workers feel an obligation to uphold quality standard for the
better image of the company. A sense of “accept” and “respect”
is seen.

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 CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES OF
ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR

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1.Globalization to Respond
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 Organizations are no longer constrained by national borders, world become
global village

 Increased foreign assignment

 Working with different people
 Coping with Anti-capitalism backlash
 Overseeing Movement of jobs to countries with low cost labor
 Managing people During the war on terror

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2.Managing workforce diversity
The people in organization are becoming heterogeneous
demographically, Workforce diversity whereas
globalization focuses on differences between people from
different countries, mix of people in terms of gender, age,
race, and sexual orientation.
Embracing diversity
Changing US demographics
Changing management philosophy
Recognizing and responding to difference

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3. Improving Quality and productivity
World added capacity in response to increase demand.
Excess capacity translate in increase competition, is
forcing managers to reduce costs and, at the same time;
improve the organization quality and productivity.
 
4. Improving Customer service
OB can contribute to improving an organization’
performance by showing that how employees’ attitude and
behavior are associated with customer satisfaction.

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5. Improving people skills
Designing motivating jobs, how creating effective teams,
techniques for improving interpersonal skills

6. Stimulating innovation and change

Victory will go the organization the maintain their
flexibility, continually improve their quality and beat their
competition in market place. An organization’s employees
can be major block in change, the challenge to the
manager to stimulate their creativity and tolerance for
change.
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7. Coping with Temporariness
Survival for the organization, is need to move fast and
flexible and innovative in their products, jobs are redesigned,
task are done by flexibility, trained old employees with new
technology, better understanding of change, overcome
resistance to change, create organizational culture

8. Working in network organization

Global working through one link i.e. INTERNET, technology
changes the people to work together and communicate at
thousand miles, people can work from their home and non
office locations.

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9. Helping employees Balance work-life conflicts
Flexible Working hours, reporting time, creating
opportunities for employees, job security, design
workplace and jobs
 
10. Creating positive Work Environment
Human strength, vitality, right person appointed at right
place, effort on what good for organization.

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11. Improving Ethical Behavior
Manager shouldn’t place an order on which subordinate
don’t agree.
Define clearly the right and wrong conduct
Fair policy and appropriate system
Increase confidence and trust over organization
Have some logic against order you place to employees

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The relationship of OB with other fields

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The relationship of OB with other fields of study is
depicted in the above diagram: 35
 Psychology
the science that seeks to measure , explain, and sometimes
change the behavior of human and other animals

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 Sociology
The study of people to their fellow human beings

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 Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts from
psychology and sociology and that focuses on
influence of people on one another.

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 Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human beings and their
activities

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 Political Science

Political Science studies the behavior of individuals and groups within a

political environment. In specific, it studies the dynamics of power
centers, structuring of conflict and conflict resolutions tactics, allocation
of power and how people manipulate power to achieve individual goals.

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End

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