University Physics With Modern Physics 14th Edition: Hugh D. Young Roger A. Freedman

University Physics with
Modern Physics 14th

Edition
Hugh D. Young
Roger A. Freedman
http://www.caglayan.com
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

1
Chapter 25
Current, Resistance, and
Electromotive Force
PowerPoint® Lectures for

University Physics, Twelfth Edition
– Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman
Lectures by James Pazun

Goals for Chapter 25
• To consider current and current density
• To study the intrinsic property of resistivity
• To use Ohm’s Law and study resistance and resistors
• To connect circuits (mentally, virtually, or with actual

parts) and find emf
• To examine circuits and determine the energy and
power in them
• To describe the conduction of metals microscopically,
on an atomic scale
Introduction
• We studied the interactions of electric charges at rest,
now we will study charges in motion.
• An electric current consists of charges in motion from
one region to another. When this motion takes place within
a conducting path that forms a closed loop, the path is
called an electric circuit.
• Electrons leave one terminal of a
battery, pass through wire of low
resistance, reach a light bulb with
a special calibrated resistor sealed
in a bulb of inert gas, and then
return to the opposite terminal of
the battery.
The direction of current flow
•In the absence of an external field, electrons move randomly in a
conductor. If a field exists near the conductor, its force on the electron
imposes a drift.

Current flowing
•Positive charges would move with the electric field, electrons move in opposition.
•The motion of electrons in a wire is analogous to water coursing through a river.
• Current:

Current, Drift Velocity and Current Density

Current flow requires conductors throughout
• a negative terminal of a battery extends

through wire to a bare post inside the
open tube. Another open tube next to
the first one also contains a bare post
with wire running back to entry of a
light bulb resistor. The exit of the light
bulb resistor continues through wire
back to the positive terminal on the
battery.
• If the tubes are immersed in a
conducting fluid, the bulb will light. If
the fluid is nonconducting, the light will
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Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley
Resistivity

Resistivity and Temperature
• Resistivity rises with increasing temperature.
The electronic motion is analogous to shopping
on quiet days (lower T) or busy days (higher T)

Resistance

Resistance

Resistors are color-coded for assembly work

Current–voltage relationships

Electromotive force and circuits
You’ve probably already

thought “water doesn’t flow
through a pipe without a
pump; why should electrons
flow through a wire?”

Electromotive force and circuits
For a conductor to have a steady current, it must be part of a path that
forms a closed loop or complete circuit.

Electromotive force

Ideal diagrams of “open” and “complete” circuits

Internal resistance

Internal resistance
• We generalize at the
outset, but the truth of
a battery is that you
only get 12 V when a
12 V battery isn’t
connected.
• Making a connection
allows electrons to
flow, but internal
resistance within the
battery actually
delivers incrementally
less than 12 V.
Symbols for circuit diagrams
• Shorthand symbols are in use for all wiring components. See
below.

Potential changes around a circuit
• The net change in potential energy must be zero for the entire
circuit.
• Local differences in potential and emf do occur.

Energy and Power in Electric Circuits
As charge passes through the circuit element, the electric field
does work on the charge; there is a change in potential energy
equal to qVab. The time rate of energy transfer is power; P.

Power inout to a pure resistance

Power Output of a Source
The energy delivery rate to the external circuit is:

Power Input to a Source

8Ω
8Ω
A microscopic look at conduction

The initial velocity of an average electron is zero.


Summary

Summary

Summary

Summary

Summary

Summary

Selected Problems

Selected Problems

Selected Problems

Selected Problems

Selected Problems

Selected Problems

Selected Problems


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University Physics with

Modern Physics 14th

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

PowerPoint® Lectures for

Lectures by James Pazun

• To study the intrinsic property of resistivity

• To use Ohm’s Law and study resistance and resistors

• To connect circuits (mentally, virtually, or with actual

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

• a negative terminal of a battery extends

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

You’ve probably already

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

The initial velocity of an average electron is zero.

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

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