Polymer

Group 3
• Ahmad Ridwan F
• Amar Banu M
• Izzudin Abdurrahman S
• Muhamad Akbar
• Muhammad Farhan
• Widad Afdhila
POLYMER

Polymer, any of a class of natural or synthetic

 substances composed of very large molecules, called
macromolecules, that are multiples of simpler
chemical units called monomers. Polymers make up
many of the materials in living organisms, including,
for example, proteins, cellulose, and nucleic acids.
Moreover, they constitute the basis of such minerals
as diamond, quartz, and feldspar and such man-made
materials as concrete, glass, paper, plastics, and 
rubbers.
Natural polymer

Natural polymers are defined as materials that widely occur in nature or are extracted
from plants or animals. Natural polymers are essential to daily life as our human forms
are based on them. Some of the examples of natural polymer is natural rubber. natural
rubber is an elastic substance obtained from the latex sap of trees, especially those trees
which belong to the genera Hevea and Ficus. Technically speaking, natural rubber is an
elastomer or an elastic hydrocarbon polymer. Natural rubber is one of the types of
rubber that also include vulcanized rubber which is finished into a variety of rubber
products.
Natural rubber

Natural rubber is a naturally occurring high-cis poly-isoprene. In a sample of natural

rubber approximately 94% will be poly-isoprene with the balance made up of some
naturally occurring resins and proteins, together with small amounts of ash, dirt and
water. It is the resins and proteins together with the high-cis poly-isoprene which give
natural rubber its unique properties.
• Benefit: Widest range of hardness, Very strong & naturally, self reinforcing, Good
compression set Good resistance to inorganic chemical
• Limitation: Lack of oil and organic fluids, resistance Max temperature 75 - 100°C, Poor
ozone resistance
• Application: Sealing and shock absorption, Conveyor belting, Truck tyres
 Synthetic
Polymer

The intermolecular hydrogen bonding

dramatically affects the properties of
naturallyoccurring macromolecules 
such as structural proteins and
cellulose. Some synthetic polymers
also have extensive hydrogen
bonding between polymer chains. The
substantial strength of polyamides
such as nylon 66 and Kevlar results
from hydrogen bonding.
Plastic Syntethic

Plastics, as a type of polymer, are also

formed from the repetitive arrangement of
their monomers. Usually the building
blocks are in the form of hydrocarbons. For
example, polyethylene is formed from the
monomer ethylene. The reaction can be
seen in the image on the side.
THERMOPLASTICS
Thermoplastics are plastics that deform
easily with ease and can be bent easily.
Thermoplastic is a type of plastic that
can be recycled, that is, if it is heated
again with plastic properties so that it
can be printed again.
Examples of thermoplastics are
PVC and Polyethylene used for
manufacturing combs, toys, car
grills and various types of
containers.
 Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS)

What is ABS ?

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene as known as (ABS) is an opaque thermoplastic and amorphous polymer.
“Thermoplastic” refers to the way the material responds to heat. Thermoplastics become liquid at a certain
temperature (221 degrees Fahrenheit in the case of ABS plastic). They can be heated to their melting point,
cooled, and re-heated again without significant degradation. Instead of burning, thermoplastics like ABS liquefy,
which allows them to be easily injection molded and then subsequently recycled.
 Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS)

How is ABS made ?

ABS is most commonly polymerized through the process of emulsion (the mixture of multiple products that don’t
typically combine into a single product). A well-known example of an emulsified product is milk. ABS is also created,
albeit less commonly, by a patented process known as continuous mass polymerization. Globally, the most common
methodology to create ABS is the emulsion process. (https://bit.ly/3cR9hHe)
POLYCARBONATE What is Polycarbonate ? And what
is it used for ?

Polycarbonate is a material that is present in

almost everything we touch. Maybe even
unconsciously, right now you are touching a
material that is made from polycarbonate or
what is often called PC. This material often
used as raw material for making glasses,
medical devices, auto parts, lighting fixtures,
DVDs and Blu-rays. Polycarbonates plastics
are engineering plastic in that they are
typically used for more capable, robust
materials such as in impact resistant “glass-
like” surfaces.
 Polycarbonates is classified as a “Thermoplastic”,
and the name has to do with the way the plastic
responds to heat. Thermoplastic materials become
liquid at their melting point (155 degree Celsius in the
case of polycarbonate). A major useful attribute about
thermoplastics is that they can be heated to their
melting point, cooled, and reheated again without
significant degradation.

Characteristic Of Polycarbonate is also an amorphous material, meaning

that it does not exhibit the ordered characteristics of

Polycarbonate crystalline solids. Typically amorphous plastics

demonstrate a tendency to gradually soften rather than
to exhibit a sharp transition from solid to liquid as is the
case in crystalline polymers. Lastly, Polycarbonate is a
copolymer in that it is composed of several different
monomer types in combination with one another.
https://www.creativemechanisms.com
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
What is Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is one of the most commonly

used thermoplastic polymers worldwide. It is naturally
white and very brittle plastic PVC has been around
longer than most plastics, first synthesized in 1872
and commercially produced by B.F. Goodrich Company
in the 1920s. By comparison, many other common
plastics were first synthesized and commercially viable
only in the 1940s and 1950s. PVC was accidentally
discovered twice, once in 1832 by French chemist
Henri Victor Regnault, and then rediscovered in 1872
by a German man named Eugene Baumann.

Uses Of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

It is used most commonly in the construction industry

and is also used for signs, healthcare applications, and
fiber for clothing.
 Characteristic of
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

• Density  PVC is very dense compared to

most plastics (specific gravity around 1.4)
• Economics PVC is readily available and
cheap
• Hardness Rigid PVC ranks well for
hardness and durability.
• Strength Rigid PVC has excellent tensile
strength.

https://www.creativemechanisms.com/blog
/everything-you-need-to-know-about-pvc-
plastic
 DIFFERENT TYPE OF PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride is widely available in
two broad categories: rigid and flexible.
Each type comes with its own set of
advantages and ideal uses for different
industries.
Flexible PVC can act as electrical cable
insulation and a rubber alternative. Rigid
PVC has various uses in construction and
plumbing, providing a lightweight, cost-
effective, and durable material to use. 
 THERMOSETTING
PLASTICS

A thermoset is a plastic which, when formed

once, cannot be refined (hardened) by
heating. A thermoset, if heated, immediately
hardens and becomes charcoal, so it cannot
be recycled.
Epoxy Resin

What is Epoxy Resin ?

Epoxy resin, or two-part epoxy, is a hard composite that is made when an epoxide and polyamine are combined.  The
epoxide is the foundational base of the composite, while the polyamine is the hardening substance. When the two viscous
solutions are combined, they chemically bond together to create a solid clear glasslike compound. When combined, the
substance starts to harden very quickly and can be hard to manipulate even after fifteen to thirty minutes depending on the
thickness. The resin will be mostly cured within 24 hours and completely hardened in 72 hours. People often speed up
curing times by adding heat with the use of a heat lamp, space heater or a heat gun.
Polyimide

What is Polyimide?
Polyimides (PIs) are high-temperature engineering polymers originally developed by the DuPont™ Company.
Polyimides exhibit an exceptional combination of thermal stability (>500 °C), mechanical toughness, and
chemical resistance. They have excellent dielectric properties and inherently low coefficient of thermal
expansion. They are formed from diamines and dianhydride.
Engineering plastics
Engineering plastics exhibit higher performance than standard materials,
making them ideal for tough engineering applications. They have
gradually replaced traditional engineering materials such as wood or
metal in many applications because, not only do they equal or surpass
them in their weight/strength ratio and other properties, but they are
also much easier to manufacture, especially in complicated shapes.

Engineering plastics are used in applications including:

1. Automotive.
2. Electrical and electronics.
3. Building and construction.
4. Consumer goods and appliances.

Industrial applications such as abrasion-resistant and corrosion-resistant

liners.
Elastomer
Elastomer, any rubbery material composed of
long chainlike molecules, or polymers, that are
capable of recovering their original shape after
being stretched to great extents—hence the
name elastomer, from “elastic polymer.” Under
normal conditions the long molecules making up
an elastomeric material are irregularly coiled.
With the application of force, however, the
molecules straighten out in the direction in
which they are being pulled. Upon release, the
molecules spontaneously return to their normal
compact, random arrangement.
Reference

• https://www.britannica.com/science
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/
• https://www.resinex.co.uk/polymer-types/natural-
rubber.html
• https://www.creativemechanisms.com
• https://www.tmbrs.com/journal/epoxy-resin/
• https://www.plasticseurope.org/en/about-plastics/what-ar
e-plastics/large-family/engineering-plastics
THANK
YOU