Basic Logic Gates

1
Logic Gates
All digital computers for the past 50 years have
been constructed using the same type of
components.
These components are called logic gates.
Logic gates have been implemented in many
different ways.

2
Review of Boolean algebra
Just like Boolean logic
Variables can only be 1 or 0
 Instead of true / false

3
 Review of Boolean algebra
_ is a horizontal bar above the number
Not
_0 = 1
 1=0
Or is a plus
 0+0 = 0
 0+1 = 1
 1+0 = 1
 1+1 = 1
And is multiplication
 0*0 = 0
 0*1 = 0
 1*0 = 0
 1*1 = 1

4
Logic Gates
All basic logic gates have the ability to
accept either one or two input signals
(depending upon the type of gate) and
generate one output signal.

5
 Logic Gates
Digital systems are said to be constructed by
using logic gates. These gates are the
1. AND,
2. OR,
3. NOT,
4. NAND,
5. NOR,
6. EXOR and
7. EXNOR

6
1. AND
The AND gate is an
electronic circuit that gives
a high output (1) only if
all its inputs are high.  
A dot (.) is used to show
the AND operation i.e.
A.B.  Bear in mind that
this dot is sometimes
omitted i.e. AB

7
2. OR
The OR gate is an
electronic circuit
that gives a high
output (1) if one or
more of its inputs
are high.  A plus
(+) is used to show
the OR operation.

8
3. NOT
The NOT gate is a digital logic gate with one input and one
output that operates an inverter operation of the input. The output
of the NOT gate is the reverse of the input. When the input of the
NOT gate is true then the output will be false and vice versa.

9
4. NAND
A NAND Gate is a
logical gate which is
the opposite of an
AND logic gate. It is
a combination of
AND & NOT gates
and is a commonly
used logic gate.

10
5. NOR

a circuit which
produces an output
signal only when there
are no signals on any of
the input connections.

11
6. EXOR

The XOR gate (sometimes EOR, or EXOR and pronounced

as Exclusive OR) gives a true (1 or HIGH) output when the number of
true inputs is odd. If both inputs are false (0/LOW) or both are true, a
false output results. XOR represents the inequality function, a way to
remember XOR is "one or the other but not both".

12
 7. EXNOR

The Exclusive-NOR Gate

function is the reverse or
complementary form of the
Exclusive-OR function.
The output of an XNOR
gate is true when all of its
inputs are true or when all of
its inputs are false.

13
End of Lecture

14