Peningkatan Promosi Kesehatan

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 PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM KESEHATAN
FASE PERANG DUNIA FASE AWAL PASCA PERANG FASE KEKINIAN
DUNIA
• Anggaran terfokus • Pemulihan ekonomi • Communicable
untuk perang pasca perang Disease masih
• Fokus Yankes adalah • Banyak kasus gizi • Non Communicable
korban perang buruk dan penyakit Disease masih
(langsung-tdk menular/infeksi • Reemerging dan
langsung) • Yankes identik new emerging
• Yankes identik dengan kuratif • Sistem kesehatan di
dengan pengobatan arahkan pada
dan upaya survival paradigma sehat
yang dititik tekankan
pada upaya
promotif-preventif

PARADIGMA SAKIT PARADIGMA SEHAT

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SEJARAH PROMOSI KESEHATAN
Leavell & Clark
Leavell & Clark 1 known use of
st
Publish Textbook of terms primary and
Preventive Medicine secondary
prevention
1953 1957
1. Health promotion Pencegahan Primer :
2. Specific protection Mencegah terjadinya penyakit
3. Early recognition and Pencegahan Sekunder :
prompt treatment Mencegah perkembangbiakan
penyakit mulai dari deteksi
4. Disability limitation dini sehingga bisa diberikan
penanganan yang tepat dan
5. Rehabilitation pencegahan komplikasi
Leavell & Clark
classified and further
defined the five
levels into three
categories
1958
Pencegahan Primer : Health
Promotion, Specific Protection
Pencegahan Sekunder : Early
Recognition and Prompt
Treatment
Pencegahan Tersier :
Diasablity Limitation,
Rehabilitation
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 Konferensi Konferensi
Internasional P
Teori H.L. elayanan
Internasional
Blum Kesehatan Promosi
Alma Ata,Primer
Kanzakhstan,
Kesehatan
Ottawa, Canada,
1974
6–12 September 1978 17-21 November 1986
A Multiple Determinants of Primary Health Care The Move Towards a New Public
Health Model Health
Health for all by the year 2000
1. Life Style 1. Health education 1. Healthy public policy
2. Environment 2. Promotion of food supplies and proper 2. Supportive environment 
nutrition
3. Health Services 3. Adequate supply of safe water and 3. Reorient health service 
basic sanitation
4. Genetic / Herediter 4. Maternal and child care, including 4. Personal Skill
family planning
5. Immunization against the major 5. Community action
infectious diseases
6. Prevention and control of locally
endemic diseases
7. Appropriate treatment of common
diseases and injuries
8. Provision essential drugs

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Blum’s “Force-Field and Well Being Paradigm of Health

Population
(Size, distribution, growth rate, gene pool)
Cu
tu r al e s sys ltura
Nasourc tem l
s
Re Heredity

Life Expectancy
Internal
satisfaction Impairement
l
Environment Internal cia

So
o Discomfort
S

m
Fetal, Physical satisfaction

ati
(Natural and HEALTH Medical

c
man made) Reserve Disability
care
Socialcultural Interpersonal (Well-being) Partisipation Services
(Economics, behavior in health care (Prevention, cure,
education Sosial Health care prevention)
employment, behavior Psychic behavior
etc)
Ecological behavior

Eco Life styles

(Attitudes, Behaviors) n
Ba logic u ma tions
lan al H fac
ce s
Sati

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 PARADIGMA SEHAT
PARADIGMA SEHAT
PARADIGMA SAKIT
“Health Program for human
“Health program for survival”
development”

Pertimbangan : Efektif, Efisien, Perubahan konsep sehat “produktif sosial-

ekonomi”, transisi epidemiologi, transisi demografi, makin jelasnya faktor
determinan kesehatan

DEPKES
15 September 1998

PENCANANGAN
PARADIGMA SEHAT
Upaya Kesehatan dititik tekankan pada upaya
PROMOTIF- PREVENTIF
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 OPTIMAL HEALTH

Tertiary Health
Promotion
03
Effecting enduring social
change

Secondary Health
Promotion
02
Raising individual HEALTH ORIENTED
quality of life

Primary Health
Promotion
01
Eradicating health
Primary Health
risk Prevention

02
Early diagnosis and
Secondary Health
Prevention
Prompt treatment DISEASE ORIENTED

03 Tertiary Health
Prevention
Rehabilitation
MINIMAL DISEASE Brown 1985, cit Wass 1998
 Perjalanan Promosi Kesehatan di Indonesia

Sebelum 1965 1965-1975 1975-1985 1985-1995 1995-sekarang

Pendidikan Pendidikan Penyuluhan Ada peran serta Promosi kesehatan
Kesehatan Kesehatan Kesehatan masyarakat dalam (Penyuluhan, peran
Sasaran individu Sasaran individu dan (sasaran individu- pemberdayaan serta masyarakat,
sebagian kecil masyarakat) mulai masyarakat kemitraan, politik
masyarakat ada pengembangan kesehatan)
media

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 REGULA ORGANI
TORY ZATIONAL

HEALTH SOCIAL
POLICY EDUCATION

POLITICAL ECONOMIC
 Basic Communication Process

Sender Feedback Understanding

Perception Perception
Idea Noise Receiver

Encode Medium Decode

PROSES PERUBAHAN PERILAKU

K A P
Peribahasa : Dari mata turun ke hati selanjutnya turun ke.. kaki

P ENGETAHUAN P EMBIASAAN K EBIASAAN

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 Proses belajar pada Manusia

PERUBAHAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN

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TINDAKAN
Maklumat

3
2

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Teori Laurence Green (1980)

Predisposing
factors
Enabling
factors
Reinforcing 
factors
 KESIMPULAN
INTI PROMOSI KESEHATAN – PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN
INTI PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN – KOMUNIKASI
INTI KOMUNIKASI – 5AN(PESAN-KEMASAN-SALURAN-
PAPARAN-SASARAN)

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