 Ideal cycles

The assumption of ideal conditions will be taken as following:

1. Compression and expansion processes are reversible and adiabatic,i.e. isentropic.

2. The change of kinetic energy of the working fluid between inlet and outlet of each component is
negligible.

3. There are no pressure losses the inlet ducting, combustion chambers, exhaust ducting, and ducts
connecting the components

4. The working fluid has the same composition throughout the cycle and is a perfect gas with constant
specific heats.

5. The mass flow of gas is constant throughout the cycle.

6. Heat transfer in a heat-exchanger (assumed counter flow) is 'complete', so that in conjunction with the
temperature rise on the cold side is the maximum exactly equal to the temperature on the hot side.
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 Assignment 2

Ideal cycle for jet engines

a) Ideal turbofan cycle

b) Ideal turboprop cycle

c) Ideal turboshaft cycle

NB. Use Schematic diagram or free hand sketch and draw the T-S diagram

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 Gas Turbine Performance
Certain atmospheric conditions have a critical impact on any given gas turbine’s available power:

a) Ambient temperature: As this rises, a gas turbine may swallow the same volume of air, but
that air will weigh less with increasing atmospheric temperature. Less air mass means less fuel
mass is required to be ignited with that air and consequential lower power developed.
b) Altitude: Increasing altitude means lower density air, so that is turn decreases power
developed by the turbine.
c) Humidity: Water vapor is less dense than air, so more water vapor in a given volume means
less weight of that air than if it had less water vapor. The effect is the same as with the two
above factors.

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 gas turbine engine performance is a function of many parameters. The thermodynamic
analysis of the engine may be simplified by making the following assumptions

1. The air used by the gas turbine as well as the products of the
combustion behave like perfect gas.
2. The specific heat capacities are fumction of average temperature
through each process.
3. The loss of stagnation pressure in the compressor inlet is a constant
percentage of the compressor inlet pressure.
4. The loss of stagnation pressure in the combustion chamber is a
constant percentage of the combustion chamber inlet pressure

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