Experiment Two: Starter Motor

Objective of the experiment:

1- Learn the principle of It is
operation
2- Learn the parts of the starter motor
3- Learn how to check the motor

Starter Motor

A starter (also self-starter, cranking motor, or starter

motor) is a device used to rotate (crank) an internal-
combustion engine so as to initiate the engine's operation
under its own power. Starters can be electric, pneumatic,
or hydraulic. In the case of very large engines, the starter
can even be another internal-combustion engine.
A starter motor is a device that is capable of turning over
an internal combustion engine until the process of
combustion takes over. This is typically accomplished by
providing the necessary mechanical energy to rotate the
crankshaft for a given number of cycles. While the starter
motor is rotating the crankshaft, the engine begins the
process of combustion. The starter is then able to
disengage once the engine is running under its own
power. Most automotive starter motors are electric, but
some applications use pneumatic or hydraulic power.
Internal-combustion engines are feedback systems,
which, once started, rely on the inertia from each cycle to
initiate the next cycle. In a four-stroke engine, the third
stroke releases energy from the fuel, powering the fourth
(exhaust) stroke and also the first two (intake,
compression) strokes of the next cycle, as well as
powering the engine's external load. To start the first
cycle at the beginning of any particular session, the first
two strokes must be powered in some other way than
from the engine itself. The starter motor is used for this
purpose and is not required once the engine starts
running and its feedback loop becomes self-sustaining.
A starter is an electric motor that turns over or "cranks"
the engine to start it. It consists of a powerful DC (Direct
Current) electric motor and the starter solenoid that is
attached to the motor (see the picture).
The starter motor is powered by the car battery. To turn
over the engine the starter motor requires a very high
electric current, which means the battery has to have
sufficient power. If the battery is discharged, the lights in
a car might come on, but it won't be enough power to
turn over the starter motor.

Electric Starter Motor Components

There are a few different kinds of electric starter motors,

but they typically include these basic components:

1. Housing
2. Overrunning clutch
3. Armature
4. Coils
5. Brushes
6. Solenoid
A starter motor is very vital for the smooth functioning
of a complex mechanical system. It invigorates the
combustion engine and lets the process of combustion
start. The starter motor provides the required
mechanical energy that can rotate the crankshaft
smoothly which then helps in the process of
combustion. The simplest example of motor starters is
an electric starter motor that remains attached with a
toothed or indented flex plate or flywheel. The basic
components of a typical starter motor are as follows:
 ●Solenoid Starter – It contains pull-in coil and hold-in
coil. It provides the necessary voltage to the main part
of the system.
●Solenoid plunger – It works to connect the pull-in
coil with the drive lever.
●Solenoid cap – It covers the circuit designed on the
starter front.
●Field coil – It generates magnetic power in the coil
rotor.
●Armature Coil – Armature generates required
magnetic power for the coil rotor.
●Communicators – It supplies the electric current from
brush to the armature.
●Drive lever – It is a fork-shaped component in the
solenoid that helps to move the pinion-gear.
●Brushes – This component sends electric current
from the static conductor to the armature.
●Pinion clutch and gear – It is a mechanical clutch that
controls the rotation starting from the starter shaft to
the flywheel.
●Motor housing – It is a kind of hard metallic
protection that houses all the above components of
the motor starters

How a starting system works:

When you turn the ignition key to the START position,
the battery voltage goes through the starter control circuit
and activates the starter solenoid, which in turn energizes
the starter motor. At the same time, the starter solenoid
pushes the starter gear forward to mesh it with the engine
flywheel (flex plate in an automatic transmission). The
flywheel is attached to the engine crankshaft. The starter
motor spins, turning over the engine crankshaft allowing
the engine to start. In cars with a push button start, the
system disengages the starter as soon as the engine starts
running.
Internal combustion engines are typically incapable of
“self-starting,” which means they require some external
force to start running. This is typically accomplished by
using some method to turn the crankshaft until the
process of combustion can take over. The single most
common example is an electric starter motor that engages
with a toothed flywheel or flexes plate.
In gasoline engine applications that use an electric
starter, the operation of the starter motor is relatively
simple. When the ignition is activated (either via a key or
a button), power is delivered to an electric starter motor.
That causes the small gear to extend and mesh with the
teeth of a ring gear that is fixed to either a flywheel or
flex plate. This flywheel or flex plate is bolted to the
crankshaft of the engine, which allows the starter motor
to turn the engine over.
Once the engine is turning over, the process of internal
combustion begins. Fuel and air are injected into the
engine, and they are ignited by spark plugs. That allows
the engine to start rotating under its own power, which
causes it to start rotating faster.
Methods of checking starter:
1. Check the output files: They must be connected to
each other (give voice to BIP)
2 - Examination of the uniform: The copper must be
connected with each other
3 - Checking the standard with the files of the domain:
There is no connection (not plowing)
4 - Check the production files and the unified with the
member axis: There should be no contact between the
unified and the axis and also between the files and the
axis
5 - Examination of the seals: be considered; be aware of
the extent of erosion

6 - Glorification test: A device that generates a magnetic

field is placed above the rotor to check the production
files

• If the rotor is responsive to the field is valid, and we

can make sure of that by placing a steel ruler over the
rotor to feel the vibrations resulting in addition to the
difficulty of removing the rotor from its place as a result
of magnets, in the event otherwise occurs the rotor is
disabled.