STARTING SYSTEM

S U B M I T T E D B Y:
ALIJAN, ROGEL JOSHUA
GACULA, EDCHELORD SPENCER
DEFINITION
The starting system converts electrical energy from the batteries
into mechanical energy to turn the engine over. 

In order to properly service the starting system, you need to

understand how it operates. The starting system has five main
components: the ignition switch or start button, a neutral safety
switch (an option on some vehicles), the starter solenoid, the
starter motor, and the batteries.
IMPORTANCE OF STARTING
SYSTEM
The starting system needs to provide the torque needed to achieve
the necessary minimum cranking speed.
As the starter motor starts to rotate the flywheel, the crankshaft is
turned, which then starts piston movement.
For a small four-cylinder engine, there doesn’t need to be a great
deal of torque generated by a starter. But as engines get more
cylinders and bigger pistons, a huge amount of torque will be
needed to get the required cranking speed.
STARTING SYSTEM PARTS
BATTERY
The automotive battery, also known as a lead-acid storage battery, is an electrochemical device
that produces voltage and delivers current.
IGNITION SWITCH
The ignition switch allows the driver to distribute electrical current to where it is needed.
STARTER DRIVE IGNITION
The starter drive pinion is held out mesh with the ring gear by a spring until the starter solenoid engages
and moves the lever, pushing the starter pinion into mesh with the ring gear. When the engine starts, the
operator allows the key to return to the run position. This cuts power to the starter solenoid, which allows
the spring to push the plunger back to its normal position.
STARTER MOTOR
The starter motor converts electric energy into rotational motion, using electromagnetism or
electromagnetic repulsion. Most starters used in automotive today are permanent magnet starters.
These starters have several permanent magnets placed inside the case around an armature.
STARTER RELAY
A relay is a device that allows a small amount of electrical current to control a
large amount of current. An automobile starter uses a large amount of current
(250+ amps) to start an engine. 
STARTER SOLENOID
The starter solenoid sits on top of the starter motor and performs two main
functions, it acts as a heavy-duty relay for the starter and it engages the starter
pinion gear to the ring gear on the flywheel/flex-plate/torque converter.
TYPES OF STARTING SYSTEM
ELECTRIC STARTING SYSYTEM

The  starting  motor  for  diesel  and  gasoline engines  operates  on  the  same  principle  as  a  direct
current electric motor. The motor is designed to carry  extremely  heavy  loads  but,  because  it  draws a
high current (300 to 665 amperes), it tends to overheat quickly. To avoid overheating, never allow  the
 motor  to  run  more  than  the  specified amount  of  time,  usually  30  seconds  at  a  time, Then  allow  it
 to  cool  for  2  or  3  minutes  before using it again.
HYDRAULIC STARTING SYSTEM

There are several types of hydraulic starting systems in use. In most installations, the system consists  of
 a  hydraulic  starting  motor,  a  piston-type accumulator, a manually operated hydraulic pump,  an
 engine-driven  hydraulic  pump,  and  a reservoir  for  the  hydraulic  fluid. Hydraulic  pressure  is
 provided  in  the  accumulator  by  the  manually  operated  hand  pump  or from the engine-driven pump
when the engine is operating.
AIR STARTING SYSTEM
Compressed air is supplied by air compressors to the air receivers. The compressed air is then
supplied by a large bore pipe to a remote operating non-return or automatic valve and then to
the cylinder air start valve. Opening of the cylinder air start valve will admit compressed air into
the cylinder.

The opening of the cylinder valve and the remote operating valve is controlled by a pilot air
system. The pilot air is drawn from the large pipe and passes to a pilot air control valve which is
operated by the engine air start lever.