Basic hydraulic system

Sergant Hein Soe

M.C.T.I G-1
MAF-35668
 INTRODUCTION
 Hydraulics is based on the fact that liquids are incompressible
 Hydraulic system is a system where liquid under pressure is used to
transmit energy
 In it a hydraulic pump converts mechanical power to hydraulic power
 An actuating cylinder converts hydraulic power to mechanical power.
A SIMPLE HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
 DEVICES USING HYDRAULIC
SYSTEMS IN AIRCRAFTS
 Gun turrets
 Auto pilot
 Shock absorption systems
 Bomb bay doors
 Doors and hatchways
 Landing gears, wing flaps, etc…
 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

 Governed by Pascal’s law

 The oil is in contact with both
sides of the piston head but at
different pressures.  High
pressure oil may be pumped
into either side of the piston
head.

 The selector valve determines

to which side of the actuating
cylinder the high pressure oil is
sent.
PARTS OF THE POWER
SYSTEM
 RESERVOIR
 ACCUMULATOR
 FILTER
 POWER PUMP
 SYSTEM RELIEF VALVE
 PRESSURE REGULATOR
POWER SYSTEM
 RESERVOIR
FUNCTIONS
 Holds reserve supply oil to account for normal
leakage, emergency supply of oil, volume changes,
thermal contraction of oil,
 Provides pressure head on the pump, a place to
remove air or foam from liquid, air space for
expansion of the oil due to temperature changes
etc
ACCUMULATORS

PRINCIPLE
 Gas valve lets in
compressed gas at ½
system pressure
 Diaphragm pops up & oil
is sent through system
 When system
pressure>accumulator
pressure, diaphragm
deploys
ACCUMULATORS

USES
 Absorbs the shocks due to rapid pressure
variations in a hydraulic system
 Helps maintain a constant pressure within the
hydraulic system
 Helps the hydraulic pump under peak pressure
loads
 It is an emergency source of power
 Spherical shape is preferred for accumulators
POWER PUMPS

FUNCTION
 Is to change mechanical horsepower to
hydraulic horsepower
TYPES
 Gear pumps: move fluid based upon the
number of gear teeth and the volume spacing
between gear teeth.
 Piston pumps: move fluid by pushing it through
the motion of the pistons within the pump
POWER PUMPS

PRINCIPLES OF GEAR
PUMPS
 The liquid from the
reservoir is pushed between
the gear teeth.
 The oil is moved around to
the other side by the action
of the drive gear itself and
sent through the pressure
line.
POWER PUMPS

PRINCIPLES OF
RECIPROCATING
PISTON PUMP
 As the cylinder block
rotates, space between
the block and the pistons
increase, letting in more
oil.
 As the block rotates
from bottom dead center,
the reverse occurs and
the pistons push oil out
through the outlet
Selector Valves

 Position (1) is the position of the selector valve, for example,

upon the extension of the landing gear or the lowering of flaps.
 Position (2) is the position of the selector valve upon
retraction of the landing gear or the raising of the flaps
FLOW EQUALISER

 If wing air loads on one wing are

greater than on other, during wing
sweep back or sweep forward,
motion occurs unevenly.
 To synchronize wing sweep back or
sweep forward flow equalizer used
 flow equalizer is made up of two
power pumps placed side by side in
which the drive gears of both
pumps are connected
 ACTUATION CYLINDER
 The function is to take the pressure & hydraulic fluid flow &
change them into linear or rotary motion.
 Single piston double rod is an equal displacement cylinder used in
aileron system or automatic guidance system
 Double piston-double rod actuating cylinder used in bomb bay
doors
 Hydraulic system advantages
 Hydraulic systems are easy to control and accurate . Because , a
system operator can easily start , stop , accelerate and slow down
the system using simple levers and push buttons .
 Hydraulic systems are simpler and easier to maintain because
these systems use less moving parts .
 Only hydraulic systems can deliver constant torque or force
regardless of speed changes .
 Easy to spot leakages of a hydraulic system .
 A large amount of power can be transmitted through the
hydraulic system using small flexible hoses and tubes .
 Hydraulic systems have the ability to maintain its viscosity of
airworthiness , its density and the temperature of the fluid in a
very hot environment .
 Using hydraulics power can be transmitted through flexible ,
varying lines .
 The amount of force on the driving system can be adjusted with
force multiplication .
 Minimize undesirable noises.
Hydraulic system’s disadvantages

 Hydraulic fluids are the main requirement of any hydraulic

system . Leakage of these fluids will create environmental
problems and safety issues .
 Contaminants present in the hydraulic fluid will damage the
system performance and productivity . Hence , it requires
continuous filtration .
 Wrong selection of hydraulic fluid for a system will damage the
components .
 Proper maintenance is required .
THANK YOU
THANK YOU
ANY
QUESTIONS?