Dr Syed Mohammed Haseebuddin Quadri

Department of English
MANUU
Research
Motivation
Observation

 In the field of observation, fortune favors only

the prepared mind .
(Louis Pasteur)
Wrong Motivation

 Lawyers hang their mistakes,

doctors bury theirs, architects
plant vines and teachers send
theirs into politics
Literary Research

 Functions

 Literary Investigation

 Application
Types of Research
 Research according to Purpose
 Exploratory
 Descriptive
 Explanatory
 Research according to Result
 Basic
 Applied
 Research according to Process
 Quantitative
 Qualitative
 Research according to Source
 Primary
 Secondary
Research Methods

 Research Method and Methodology

Types of Research methods

 Scientific
 Normative
 Historical
 Archival
 Auto/biographical
 Case Study
 Comparative
Scientific

 The impulse is objective reasonable not subjective

unreasonable. Subjective just does not mean what one
thinks and finds, but what others cannot verify.
 Self-elimination
 It involves investigation not opinion
 No individual decisions, collection of opinions, vote of a
majority
Scientific Research Method

Objectivity
Verifiable Evidence
Accuracy
Systematization
Recording
Controlling Conditions
Characteristics of Scientific Research

Empirical (Observation and Reasoning not

speculation)
It is theoretical, i.e. it summarizes data precisely
giving logical relationship between propositions
which explain causal relationship.
It is cumulative , i.e. generalizations/theories are
corrected and rejected, and newly developed
theories are built upon one another.
It is non-ethical
Normative Research Method

 Establishing Norms
 Creating new things or improvement of
existing things or state of things
 What is best for us in any given field of life?
 “The study of the present practice, of things as
they are, is the first step in arriving at a norm”
(Almack)
Creative Writing as Research
Method
Eclectic Research Method
Translation as Research
Method
Research Design
 Research Design

Gustave Courbet
Research Design

The Pattern of the thing precedes the thing.

(Vladimir Nabokov)
 Research Design Modification

 Being puzzled, being unsure, being mistaken,

and changing tack through trial and error,
seem to be both integral and conducive to
creative research.
(Lewis Minkin)
Research Problem

Randy Patton
My mind rebels at stagnation.
Give me problems, give me
work, give me the most abstruse
cryptogram, or the most intricate
analysis, and I am in my own
proper atmosphere. But I abhor
the dull routine of existence. I
crave for mental exaltation.
---Sherlock Holmes (Arthur
Conan Doyle)
Problem

 Creative Research is a problem generating

activity. Problem discovery cannot be a
scheduled activity. It can happen at any time.
(Lewis Minkin)
 A thought has escaped me, I wanted to write
it down. I write instead, that it has escaped
me.
(Blaise Pascale)
Problem is linked to…
 What is the purpose of the study
 How much is already known?
 Is additional information necessary?
 What is to be ascertained/measured ?
 How is it to be measured?
 Can the required data be collected, i.e. Will the
respondents give the correct information?
 Is the present time appropriate for undertaking
research?
 Is time & money adequate for the research?
 Research Question

Maryann Schmitt
 Hypothesis

George Frederic Watts, “Hope” (1886)

Hypothesis

 Those who stand for nothing, fall for

anything.
(Alexander Hamilton)
 Conducting Research

The Alchemist
Artist Unknown (Italian)
Palazzo Della Ragione, Padua
Review of Literature
Documentation
Crafting the Thesis
PhD Thesis Models
Thesis and Structure
Writing
Thesis Submission
Thesis Defense