 The investigator planning an experiment has many

experimental design option to choose. Experimental designs

fall into two major categories.

 True or Classical experimental design

 Pre- experimental design
 TRUE OR CLASSICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

 There are three major subdivisions in true or classical

experimental design

 Pre test – post test control group design

 Solomon four group design
 After / post test only experimental design
 PRE TEST – POST TEST CONTROL GROUP DESIGN
 Experimental group

experimental treatment

Pre test Post test

 Control group

Pre test Post test

 In this design, subjects have been designed randomly to the
experimental or control group
 The experimental treatment is given only to those in the
experimental group, and the pre tests and post tests are those
measurements of the dependent variables that are made before
and after the experimental treatment is performed.
 All true experimental designs have subjects randomly assigned
groups, have an experimental treatment introduced to some of
the subjects and have the effects of the treatment observed.
 The investigator is able to account for events occurring
between time 1 and time 2 through observation of control
group

 It also enables the investigator to control for changes in the

instrumentation, since changes or drifts in measurement
should affect both groups equally

 Randomization decreases selection bias and maturation.

 Experimental group

experimental treatment

Post test

 Control group

Post test
 This design, which is sometimes called after only
control group design.

 This is composed on two randomly assigned groups,

but neither of which is pretested or premeasured in
the before period of time.

 The independent variable introduced into

experimental group and withheld from the control
group.
 This design can be useful in situation where it
is not possible to pretest the subjects or pretest
is non essential
 It is one type of the experimental design
 It have three subdivisions. They are

 One short case study or single case study

 One group pretest – posttest design
 The static group comparison design
 ONE SHORT CASE STUDY OR SINGLE CASE STUDY

Experimental treatment
 Cause change

 In single case study, that studies at once, following a

treatment or an agent presumed to cause change.
 Because the study design has a total absence of
control, it is considered to be little value as an
experiment.
 ONE GROUP PRETEST – POSTTEST DESIGN
 Experimental treatment

Pre test post test

 Here only one group is observed before and after the

independent variable is introduced.
 Loss of the control group decreases the usefulness of the study
but may be necessary in cases where it is not possible or
feasible to have control groups.
 THE STATIC GROUP COMPARISON DESIGN
 The static group that has experienced the
independent variable is compared with one
that has not.
 Here the experimental group received the
independent variable, but control group did not
receive the independent variable.