Welcome to Basic English

Class of Euro Management

By Nabil Ridho
Nouns
Noun
A noun is a word that represents a person, place, or thing. Often a noun
is the name for something we can touch (e.g., "lion," "cake,"
"computer"), but sometimes a noun names something we cannot
touch (e.g., "bravery," "mile," "joy").
• Person: soldier, Alan, cousin, lawyer
• Place: house, London, factory, shelter
• Thing. This includes:
• Objects: table, London Bridge, chisel, nitrogen, month, inch, cooking
• Animals: aardvark, rat, shark, Mickey
• Ideas: confusion, kindness, faith, Theory of Relativity, joy
• Most nouns can be pluralized, which usually involves adding "s" to
the end (e.g., aardvark > aardvarks).
Types of Nouns
Plural Nouns
Common and Proper Nouns
• Common Noun. A common noun is the word for a person, place, or
thing. It's the word that appears in the dictionary. For example:
• person
• city
• dog
• Proper Noun. A proper noun is the given name of a person, place, or
thing. It's likely to be a personal name or a title. For example:
• Michael
• New York
• Rover
• (Note: A proper noun always starts with a capital letter.)
Abstract and Concrete Nouns
• Abstract nouns are things you cannot see or touch such as an
emotion, a feeling, a quality, or an idea. For example:
• bravery
• joy
• determination
• Concrete nouns are things you can see or touch. For example:
• tree
• hammer
• cloud
Collective Nouns
• Collective nouns are words that denote groups. For example:
• team
• choir
• pack
*Collective nouns can be treated as singular or plural. It depends on the
sense of your sentence. For example:
• The team is scheduled to arrive at 4 o'clock. (Singular)
• The team are wearing different novelty hats. (Plural)
Compound Nouns
A compound noun is a noun made from at least two words. There are
three forms for compound nouns: (1) with spaces, (2) without spaces,
and (3) with hyphens.

With spaces: ice cream, swimming pool, fish tank

Without spaces: classmate, greenhouse, grasshopper
With hyphens: mother-in-law, dry-cleaning, self-confidence.
Countable and Non-countable Nouns
A countable noun is a noun with both a singular and a plural form (e.g.,
"dog/dogs," "pie/pies").
A non-countable noun is a noun without a plural form (e.g., "oxygen,
patience").
Gender-specific Nouns
Gender-specific nouns are nouns that are definitely male or female. For
example:
• king/queen
• rooster/hen
• actor/actress
Gerund
Gerunds are nouns that end "-ing" and that represent actions. Gerunds
have verb-like properties. For example (gerunds shown in bold):
• Developing the device quickly is necessary for improving safety.
• Investing your money is essential for your future.