Kajian Pemerolehan

Bahasa Kanak-kanak
berumur 3 tahun
 PENGENALAN

● Psikolinguistik merupakan bidang yang memberi tumpuan kepada perlakuan manusia yang
melibatkan bahasa.

● Pemerolehan bahasa merupakan proses yang berlaku dalam otak kanak-kanak apabila
mereka memperoleh bahasa pertama.

Objektif kajian

 Mengenal pasti tahap pemerolehan kanak-kanak mengikut tahap fonologi, morfologi dan
sintaksis.
 Menganalisis dan menghuraikan pemerolehan kanak-kanak mengikut tahap fonologi,
morfologi dan sintaksis.
• Pemerolehan bunyi-bunyi huruf
yang akan membentuk perkataan
yang mempunyai makna.

• Proses fonologi yang terdapat dalam

ujaran subjek ialah penggantian,
pengguguran, perendahan vokal dan
peralihan vokal.

• Penguasaan kanak-kanak terhadap

bunyi-bunyi huruf sehingga dapat
menyusunnya sebagai sesuatu
perkataan yang mempunyai makna.

Pemerolehan
Fonologi
 Proses Fonologi

1.) Penggantian
konsonan Contoh
• Bunyi sesuatu fonem konsonan itu Bahasa Melayu Transkripsi
digantikan dengan sesuatu fonem Standard Fonetik
konsonan yang lain. rumah [wumah]
• Berlaku kerana subjek mengalami rambut [ɣambut]
kesukaran untuk menghasilkan sesuatu turun [tuɣun]
bunyi konsonan. lidah [liða]
• Subjek mengalami kesukaran dalam arnab [arnap]
menghasilkan bunyi [r], [s], [b] dan [d]. sikit [ʃiket]
• Subjek menggunakan lelangit lembut
berbanding lelangit keras.
 Proses Fonologi

2) Pengguguran
fonem Contoh
• Penghilangan sesuatu bunyi dalam ujaran Bahasa Melayu Transkripsi
subjek. Standard Fonetik
• Subjek memilih untuk tidak menghasilkan burung [buoŋ]
bunyi tersebut sekiranya tidak dapat besar [bəsa]
warna [wanə]
membunyikannya.
komputer [kɔmpitə]
• Subjek menggugurkan konsonan [r] dan
boleh [bole]
[h] yang hadir di posisi akhir kata dan hidung [idoŋ]
tengah kata.
 Proses Fonologi

3) Perendahan vokal Contoh

• Vokal tinggi menjadi vokal rendah. Bahasa Melayu Transkripsi
• Berlaku perendahan vokal belakang Standard Fonetik
tinggi /u/ yang berada pada posisi akhir burung [buoŋ]
suku kata kepada vokal belakang separuh hidung [idoŋ]
tinggi /o/ pun [pon]
• sikit [ʃiket]
Perendahan vokal depan tinggi /i/ kepada
bilik [bilek]
vokal depan separuh tinggi iaitu /e/ di
suku kata kedua atau posisi suku kata
akhir tertutup yang mana ia berakhir
dengan huruf konsonan.
 Proses Fonologi

4) Peralihan vokal Contoh

• Peranjakan sesuatu bunyi kepada bunyi Bahasa Melayu Transkripsi
yang lain. Standard Fonetik
• Perubahan vokal depan rendah /a/ menjadi ada [adə]
dia [diə]
vokal tengah /ə/ .
warna [wanə]
• Pelemahan segmen berlaku apabila suka [sukə]
segmen yang mempunyai fitur tekanan cuma [cumə]
keras dan frekuensi getarannya
menunjukkan nadanya tinggi, dibunyikan
dengan tekanan yang lebih lemah dan nada
yang lebih rendah..
 Contoh
Pemerolehan morfologi
Morfologi ialah bidang ilmu bahasa yang mengkaji
struktur kata, bentuk kata dan penggolongan kata.
Mata
 Struktur kata merujuk kepada susunan bentuk bunyi bahasa
atau lambang yang menjadi unit bahasa yang bermakna. Gigi
 Struktur kata terdiri daripada suku kata.
Tangan
 Suku kata boleh terdiri daripada vokal dan gabungan
vokal dengan konsonan.
Belajar
POLA PEMBENTUKAN
KV+KV
KV+KV
KV+KVK
KV+KV+KVK
 Pemerolehan morfologi
 Bentuk kata
 Rupa unit tatabahasa sama ada berbentuk tunggal atau
mempunyai proses pengimbuhan, pemajmukan atau
penggandaan.

 Hasil kajian mendapati subjek banyak menggunakan

bentuk kata tunggal.

BAHASA MELAYU TRANSKRIPSI FONETIK

STANDARD
Mata [mata]
Hidung [hiduŋ]
Rambut [rambut]
Pemerolehan morfologi
 Golongan kata

 Penjeniskan perkataan berdasarkan keserupaan

bentuk dan fungsi dengan anggota lain atau
golongan yang sama.

Kata Nama Kata Kerja Kata Tugas

• Adik • Belajar • Mahu
• Kuda
• Fish
Pemerolehan sintaksis Table of
Contents

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Mercury Venus Section 4

Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful name

planet to the Sun and and is the second planet Credits
the smallest one from the Sun
You Could Use Three Columns... Table of
Contents

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Section 4
Mars Jupiter Saturn
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Despite being red, Jupiter is a gas It’s composed of
Mars is actually a giant and the hydrogen and
cold place biggest planet helium
 Table of
Contents

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Jupiter Section 4

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Jupiter is the
biggest planet
…And the Same Goes for Tables! Table of
Contents

Section 1

Section 2

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Mass Diameter Gravity

Section 4
Mercury 0.06 0.38 0.38

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Mars 0.11 0.53 0.38

Saturn 95.2 9.4 1.16

This Is a Map! Table of
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Mars is red and Venus has a
a cold place beautiful name Section 3

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01 02 03 04

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Saturn is the Jupiter is the
ringed planet biggest planet
Important Notes! Table of
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Don’t
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To Do Lists! Table of
Contents

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Important Numbers Table of
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Section 3
Mercury is the Mars is red and a
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Jupiter is the biggest

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from the Sun

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Photo Board Table of
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Review of Concepts Table of
Contents

Section 1

Mercury Venus Mars Section 2

Mercury is the Venus has a Despite being red,

Smallest planet beautiful name Mars is cold Section 3

Section 4

Jupiter Saturn Neptune

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Jupiter is the Saturn is ringed and It’s very far from
biggest planet a gas giant planet Earth
Our Team Table of
Contents

Section 1

Section 2

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Section 4
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