LET REVIEW

PHILIPPINE AND WORLD LITERATURE

 WHAT IS
LITERATURE?

It is defined as written works which deal with themes of permanent and

universal interest, characterized by creativeness and grace of expressions
such as poetry, fiction, essay, and etc.
 THEORIES OF
LITERATURE
IT IS INITIATIVE. It is believed in the IT IS REPRESENTATIVE. Any literary
study of literary background that writers work is a substitute for reality.
follow the examples of other authors
before they arrive at their own original
works.

IT IS APPRECIATIVE. Literature gives IT IS SYMBOLIC. Literature is scattered

us bigger view of life. in other meanings.
 LITERARY
STANDARDS
ARTISTRY PERMANENCE

INTELLECTUAL BEAUTY UNIVERSALITY

SUGGESTIVENESS STYLE

SPIRITUAL VALUE
 Classifications of Literature
PROSE. Speech or writing without metrical structure.
POETRY. The art by which a poet projects feeling and
experience on an imaginative plane, in rhythmical words, to stir the
imagination and the emotions.
NARRATIVE. An orderly, continuous account of an
event or series of event
DRAMATIC. Of, connected with, or like the drama;
expecially involving conflict.
PLAY. A dramatic composition, also a dramatic representation,
especially a public theatrical exhibition.
MELODRAMA. Originally, a drama with a romantic
story of or plot, sensational incidents, and usually including some
music and song.
EPIC. A poem or other literary work usually with a happy
ending.
TRAGEDY. A form of drama in which the protagonist,
having some quality of greatness, comes to disaster through some
flaw in him brings about his inevitable downfall or death, the action
being managed in a way to produce pity and fear in the spectator and
to effect a catharsis of these feelings.
LYRIC. Characterizing verse expressing the poet’s personal
emotions or sentiments.
 Classifications of Literature
ODE. In classical prosody, a lyric poem intended is to be sung or
chanted composed of an octave and a sestet properly expressing two
successive phases of a single thought or sentiment. NOVEL. A fictional prose narrative of considerable length,
representing characters and events as if in real life by a plot or
scheme.

ELEGY. In funeral song, a meditative poem with a sorrowful

theme. FOLKTALES. Explain ancient people’s origins, cultures,
their beliefs and traditions.

SONG. The rendering of vocal music; a musical composition LEGENDS. Pure narratives which tell of the origin of a
for the voice or several voices. place, a person, or object.

MYTHS. Sacred narratives which explain how the world and

EXPOSITORY. Converying, containing, or pertaining men came to be in the present form.
to exposition.

SHORT STORY. A type of prose fiction differing from

the novel especially in the matter of length.
 LITERATURE
UTILITARIAN CREATIVE
Relating to utility; especially, placing
utility above beauty or the amenities of
life PROSE POETRY
news report, speech, editorial,
history
 PROSE
Speech or writing without
metrical structure

expository narrative dramatic

LETTER SHORT STORY PLAY
ESSAY NOVEL MELODRAMA
BIJOURNAL COMEDY
TRAGEDY
 PLAY

PERFORMING ARTS

stage movies television

 MELODRAMA

LYRIC

simple lyric song elegy

ode sonnet
 ORAL TRADITIONAL
FOLKTALES LEGENDS MYTHS
 GREEK
MYTHOLOGY
 GREEK
MYTHOLOGY

All Greek mythological gods and goddesses were made out of their own image, and
although they are believed to control the lives of human beings, they weren’t supreme,
almighty beings. Instead, they had human flaws. These gods and goddesses were immortal,
didn’t get old or sick and had eternal youth. They had human desires and needs, such as
hunger and thirst, which they quenched with ambrosia or nectar. The gods lived in Olympus,
a 6,000-foot, steep mountain always covered in clouds.
 GREEK
MYTHOLOGY
All lives are subordinate to the three Parcae (goddesses) called moira (destiny).

1. Clotho (the spinner) – she starts spinning the thread of life with the start of each new life.
2. Lachesis (the divider) – she manipulates destiny, changes the lives of everyone.
3. Anthropos (the inevitable) – she cuts the thread of life when the time comes.
 GODS AND
GODDESSES
 ZEUS

The lord of heaven and earth, the father of gods and humans. He is known to be the
most powerful of the immortal Olympian gods. When he emerged triumphant among
his brothers and sisters in the wars of the Titans and the Giants, he acquired respect and
admiration among the gods.
 HERA

The patron goddess of the family and married women. She is the worthy spouse of
Zeus. She intervenes in many of the myths (as she did in the Trojan war). She punishes
infidelity and takes fierce revenge on her husband’s paramours.
 ATHENA

The goddess of wisdom. She is the fruit of Zeus’ union with Metis. She sprang out of
the head of Zeus. It was then told that her wisdom and bravery rivaled those of her
father. She helped heroes such as Perseus, Achilles and Odyssues.
 POSEIDON

God of the sea. In the Iliad, he takes the Greeks’ side while he persecutes Odysseus in
the Odyssey, especially after the incident in which Odysseus blinds the god’s son, the
cyclops Polyphemus. He has the power to control the sea
 POSEIDON

God of the sea. In the Iliad, he takes the Greeks’ side while he persecutes Odysseus in
the Odyssey, especially after the incident in which Odysseus blinds the god’s son, the
cyclops Polyphemus. He has the power to control the sea
 CERES

The goddess of agriculture. She is the goddess of fertility, a mother – deity associated
with the earth who protected and cultivated the soil. She is also the goddess of the birth
of the world. All the flowers, fruits, and other living things were gifts of ceres.
 APOLLO

The god of light, music and prophecy. He is the son of the union of Leto and Zeus. A
handsome and well-made god, he is engaging and has affairs with different nymphs. He
is also considered a god of war with his special skill in shooting arrows over great
distance.
 ARTEMIS

The goddess of the moon and the hunt. She is the sister of Apollo also born from Leto.
She is also identified with the power of light not by the sun but by the moon. She dwells
in the forest, protecting the hunters and the innocent though she is also a vengeful deity
to those who show her disrespect.
 ARTEMIS

The goddess of the moon and the hunt. She is the sister of Apollo also born from Leto.
She is also identified with the power of light not by the sun but by the moon. She dwells
in the forest, protecting the hunters and the innocent though she is also a vengeful deity
to those who show her disrespect.
 HERMES

The god of commerce and messenger of the gods and bearer of dead souls. He is also
considered as the god of theft and served as the heralds of the gods. There are wings on
his helmet and his heels and he bears a scepter. Apart from his task of bringing
messages from Zeus, he is also entrusted with escorting souls to Hades.
 APHRODITE

The goddess of love and beauty. She is the patron of love and lovers, and her favorite
past time is to cause gods and goddesses to fall in love with mortals. She has affairs sde
from her husband Hephaestus. She has several illicit affairs with Ares, Adonis,
Anachyses, etc. Eros (Cupid) is her child with Ares together with Deimos (terror),
Phobus (fear), and Harmony
 ARES

The god of war. He is always shown in armor and wearing a helmet, ready for battle.
Wherever there is blood-shed, combat and war, Ares is to be found.
 HEPHAESTUS

The god of fire and art. He made jewelry and other works of art. It was he who made
the armor of Achilles used in the Trojan war. He was also considered as the ugliest
among the gods, though he was always found in the company of beautiful women,
including Clare (beauty personified) and Aglaea, the younger of the three graces.
 HESTIA

The goddess of family peace. She is the personification of the home. She is the sister of
Zeus and she requested to remain a virgin despite the fact that Poseidon and Apollo
wanted her as wife. The serenity of her life confined her to the world of ideas and she
played very little part in different events.
E A S T W O O D G J L L A P O L L O N C F C

D A R W I S X L H C Q M N D C R R P T A E S

N R P O S E I D O N R D E M E T E R O K D U

A E J H H D V N X D A S H O L P Q T B B C T

H S G L R V A Q Y O V K T P R K H E R M E S

T L L D U O J H E S T I A W D C P B A T B E

R O R R B B D P Z D I C B V J D O V N C R A

V N E S H F A I W C J I T K K L T X A A C H

Z Z I A T Z A R T E M I S W L O B C R O N P

Q V E U S V H D M E Q T U Z O R A N A T K E

A P J R E Q B C S T N E W H E R A C Z N L H
 PHILIPPINE
LITERATURE
 REGION 1

Nalpay a Namnama (Leona Florentino)

Bagong Pag-asa (Isagani R. Cruz)
Pamulinawen (Traditional)
My Father Goes to Court (Carlos Bulosan)
Graduation (F. Sionil Jose)
REGION 2

Nu Nunuk Du Tukun
 CAR

Hudhud di Aliguyon: An Ifugao Harvest Song

The Kalinga Ullalim
The Magic Birth of Banna
 REGION 3

Y Miss Phathupats (Juan Crisostomo Soto)

The Kalinga Ulalim
The Magic Birth of Banna
 REGION 3

Y Miss Phathupats (Juan Crisostomo Soto)

REGION 4

Makamisa (Jose P. Rizal)

 REGION 5

Poetry: To the Man I Married (A.M. Gloria)

Querida (A. Gloria)
Revolt from Hymen (A. Gloria)
In Defense of Poets (A. Gloria)
Folktale: The Ignorant Poor Man and the Priest
Himala (excerpts from the movie Script by R. Lee)
 NCR

Ang Aklasan (Amado V. Hernandez)

Magnificence (Estrella Alfon)
 Region 6

The Epic of Labaw Donggon

 Region 7

Bonsai (Edith Tiempo)

Letter to Pedro (Rene Amper)
 Region 8

Baga Durogas Ngan Baga Tinuod (I. Lucente)

Waray Sapayan
Guinkasal Hin “Casa Miento”
 Region 9

The White Horse of Alth (E.A. Enriquez)

 Region 10

Pilandok Crosses a River

Panlibay Hu Bata 1 and 2
Oyayi 1 and 2
 ARMM

The Quarrel Between the East and the West Bachelors

Twin Adventures of Kudarat and Sulaiman
Region 12 and 13 (CARAGA)
North Cotabato: Myth and Legend
Legend of the Rio Grande in North Cotabato
Twas Brillig (Leoncio P. Deriada)
Ako’y Nanaginip (Joey Ayala)
Tala ng Buhay
Susa
Paalam Na
Bituin sa Lupa
Malayang Ani
Ilog
Magkabilaan ang Mundo