Forensic

Biotechnolog
y
CAVITE STATE UNIVERSITY – BELLE 116 PREPARED BY: KARL JOHN C. DAPULA
 After the completion of the chapter,
students will be able to:

Intended
Learning
1. Identify the technology used in
forensic science;

Outcomes
(ILO) 2. Explain the processes of technology
used in forensic science; and

3. Elucidate the different applications of

biotechnology in forensic science.
Topic
Outline

A. Genomics/ DNA Barcoding/ B. Researches Related to Forensic

DNA Fingerprinting Biotechnology
Forensic science – the application of biochemical and other scientific techniques to
investigate crime
Encompasses all three science disciplines (biology, chemistry, physics) Involves the
collection and interpretation of physical evidence including hair, blood,
fingerprints, saliva, semen, bullets, and bullet casings

Forensic science is crucial as it can: 1. Proof that a crime has been committed
2. Establish the identity of suspects 3. Exonerate the innocent 4. Collaborate
the victim’s testimony 5. Lead to a confession of the suspect 6. Be more reliable
than eye witness evidence 7. Be expected by judges and juries

Individualized physical evidence is evidence that can be directly linked to

a specific person or source 1. Fingerprints 2. DNA 3. Tool marks 4.
Bullets 5. Dental impressions
 Genomics/ DNA
Barcoding/ DNA
Fingerprinting

Genome: entirety of genetic material coined by

Winklen 1920

Genomics: field of study where entire genome

is studied Coined by Thomas Rhodrick
Genomics/ DNA
Barcoding/ DNA
Fingerprinting
DNA Barcoding: is a method of species
identification using a short section of DNA
from a specific gene or genes.

DNA Fingerprinting: is a method used to

identify an individual from a sample of DNA
by looking at unique patterns in their DNA.
DNA fingerprinting was invented in 1984 by
Professor Sir Alec Jeffreys after he realized
you could detect variations in human DNA, in
the form of these minisatellites.
Genomics/ DNA
Barcoding/ DNA
Fingerprinting
Goals of Genomics
• Compile the genomic sequences of organisms Search out
the location of the genes for analyzing spatial relationships
and annotate the gene set in a genome
• Learn the function of genes and their influence
• Establish how gene expression profiles of a cell vary under
different conditions.
• Compare gene and protein profiles among different
organisms to learn about evolutionary relationships.
Genomics/ DNA Barcoding/
DNA Fingerprinting
Structural genomics:
• Aims to determine structure of
every protein encoded by the
genome.
• Identify novel protein folds and
3-D structures for better
understanding the functions of
proteins.
Functional genomics:
• Aims to collect and use data
from sequencing for describing
gene and protein functions
• functions of genes and non-gene
sequences in genomes
• Gene and protein interactions
• Genotype- phenotypes
•Structural genomics helps to describe the 3-dimensional structure of
every protein encoded by particular genome.

•The principal difference between structural genomics and traditional

structural prediction is that structural genomics attempts to determine
the structure of every protein encoded by the genome, rather than
focusing on one particular protein.
• It involves taking a large number of approaches to structure
determination, including:

 experimental methods using genomic sequences or

 modeling-based approaches ....
based on sequence or structural homology of a protein of known structure or
based on chemical and physical principles for a protein with no homology to
any known structure.
• Branch of genomics that determines biological functions of genes and
their products.
•Functional genomics (transcriptomics and proteomics) is a global,
systematic and comprehensive approach for identification and
description of the processes and pathways involved in the normal and
abnormal state of genes.
Techniques of functional genomics:

• At the DNA level(Genetic interaction mapping, the ENCODE project)

• Gene expression profiling at the transcript level (differential display,
expressed sequence tags, serial analysis of gene expression and DNA
microarrays)
• Proteome analysis (Protein microarray, 2D-PAGE)
Researches
Related to
Forensic
Biotechnolog
y
Other
Applications
of Forensic
Biotechnology