HUMAN RESOURCE

MANAGEMENT

UNDERSTANDING
HEALTH AND SAFETY

CHAPTER NO. 9
AFTER STUDYING THIS CHAPTER YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:

 Understand Labor Relations and its objectives.

 Describe phases of Labor Relations.
 Understand union organizing process.
 Describe collective bargaining and its process.
 Comprehend grievance management and its steps.
 Differentiate between health and safety.
 Discuss the responsibilities of employer and employee in
terms of ensuring health and safety.
 Explain stress and identify causes and symptoms of stress.
 Demonstrate what an HR Audit entails.
 Evaluate tools of HR Audit.
OCCUPATION, HEALTH & SAFETY

Occupational Health & Safety refers to

Physiological, Physical and Psychological
condition of workforce that result from the
work environment provided by the
organization.
OCCUPATION, HEALTH & SAFETY Cont. . .

Reduce Absenteeism

Minimize Reduce Turnover

Employee Competitive
Health Reduce Medical Cost Advantage
Problem Increased Productivity

Reduced Litigation
 ELEMENTS OF WORKPLACE
SAFETY & HEALTH
Physical
Conditions

Conditions resulting from the workplace

environment that include occupational diseases &
accidents such as:

Repetitive Motion Injuries

Back Pain Problem

Cancer etc.
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES & ACCIDENTS

Loss of
Various Life
forms of
Cancer

Loss of
Limb

Cardiovascu
lar Diseases

Back
Pain
 ELEMENTS OF WORKPLACE
SAFETY & HEALTH

Condition resulting from the PSYCHOLOGICAL

CONDITION
workplace environment that
result from organizational stress
and low quality of working life
Like:

Dissatisfaction

Withdrawals

Irritability
 Dissatisfaction
Result From
Withdrawals
Organizational Stress
& Low Quality Of Inner Confusion
Working Life
Mistrust

Chance Occurrence
What Causes
Accident Unsafe Working Conditions

? Unsafe Act by Employees

 CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

a. Physical Conditions

• Defective Equipment
• Inadequate Machine Guard
• Lack of Proactive Equipment
c. Human Conditions

• Carelessness
• Intoxication
• Inability to do the job
b. Environmental
• Other Human Deficiency
Conditions
• Day Dreaming
• Noise • Overwhelming Majority
• Dust, Fumes
• Stress
 CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS Cont . . .

d. Safety Hazard

• Poor Maintained Equipment

• Unsafe Machinery
• Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals

f. Unsafe Conditions e. Health Hazardous

• Develop a Chronic of life

• Become permanently Disable
• Stressful Working Condition
THE COSTS OF WORKPLACE
INJURIES & ILLNESS

 Increase in Medical & Insurance

 Worker’s Compensation
 Lost Wages
 Damage Equipments & Materials
 Production Delay
 Selection & Training Costs for
replacement Workers
 Accident Reports
HOW TO REDUCE WORKPLACE
ACCIDNETS
Reduce Unsafe Conditions

Reduce Unsafe Act

Use Posters & other Propaganda

Provide Safety Training

Use Positive Reinforcement

Emphasize Top Management

Emphasize the Safety

Establish a Safety Policy

Set Specific loss Control Goals

Monitor work overload on stress

Safety Committees
VIOLENCE PREVENTION SUGGESTIONS

Develop a Plan

Review Policies

Treat with Respect & Dignity

Not too Harshly

No laid off without Reasons

Supervisor Training

Employee Assistance Programs (EAP)

Keep Weapons Out

 TO HAVE A HEALTHY WORK
ENVIRONMENT
1 Fresh Air

2 Avoid Suspect Building Material

3 Test New Buildings

4 Keep Air Ducts Clean & Dry

5 Worker’s Complaints

6 Smoke-Free Environment
BENEFITS OF SAFE & HEALTHY WORKFORCE

More Productive
Increased
Efficiency

Increased Quality Reduced Medical

Reduced Increased
Insurance Cost Commitment

Lower Greater
Compensation Workforce
Rates Flexibility
LINE MANAGERS & EMPLOYEE SAFETY

 Help employees that they should work safely

 Ensure that workers are doing their jobs safely

 Investigate Accidents
Ensure Legal Compliance
 Maintain Confidentiality of employee

 HRM DEPARTMENT &
EMPLOYEE HEALTH & SAFETY

Select Health &

Safety Program

Evaluate
Health & Safety
Develop Health Program
& Safety
Program

Incorporate
Ensure Legal Health & Safety
Compliance Practices in HRM
 STRESS MANAGEMENT

Stress is a adaptive response, moderated by

individuals differences that consequence of any
action, situation or event that places demands
on a person.
 THREE KEY FACTORS THAT DETERMINE
THE LIKELIHOOD OF STRESS

1. Importance 2. Uncertainty

How significant the event Degree of clarity over

is to person. what will happen.

3. Duration

Length of the demands

remain in place.
 ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS

4 Ss Safety
Security
Salary
Superior
ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS Cont . . .

Organizati
onal
Change
Stress—
Prone
Employee

Working
Place

Physical
Environme
nt
 IS STRESS GOOD OR BAD ?
1 Some stressful
2
Stress activities can
response enhance
itself is person’s ability
to manage
neutral.
stress.

Stress can Negative stress

provide a result from a
needed prolonged
energy activation of
stress response.
boost.

3 4
 EUSTRESS & DISTRESS

Positive r e ss Di
st
Eu str
e ss

Reaction to
Stress

Negative

Low High
Stress
Level
 MODEL OF STRESS
Potential
Sources
Environmental factors.
 Economic uncertainty.
 Political uncertainty.
 Technological change.
Organizational factors.
 Task Demand.
 Role Demand.
 Interpersonal demand..
Personal factors.
 Family problem.
 Economic Problems.
 Personality.
Consequences
Individual Differences.
• Perception.
• Job Experience. Physiological Symptoms..
• Social Support.  Headaches.
 High Blood Pressure.
• Belief in locus of  Heart Disease.
control.
• Self-efficacy.
• Hostility.
Psychological Symptoms..
 Anxiety.
 Depression.
Experienced Stress  Decrease in job satisfaction.
Behavioral Symptoms..
 Productivity.
 Absenteeism.
 Turnover.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS
& JOB PERFORMANCE

Stress can be helpful & harmful

Stress= low challenges &

performance match

As performance increased performance

increase until plateau occurs

Over this limits performance

decline

Each person has different threshold

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS
& JOB PERFORMANCE

High

performance

Low

Low High
Stress
 STRESSORS

 Work Environment
 Interpersonal Conflict
 Specific Job Demands
 Emotional Labor
 Life Event
 Hassles
 Role Stressors
 Responsibility For Other
Dealing With Other Stress
STRESS IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT

Job risk
Repetitive
motions

Prolonged
noise

Poor air
quality

Glaring or
inadequate
Temperatu lighting
re
variations
 Role
overload or
under load

Role ambiguity
unclear
expectations

Role
Stress
Role conflict
expectations
TYPES/SYMPTOMS OF STRESS

1. Short term
Physical
Symptoms

2. Long term
4. Behavioral
physical
symptoms
symptoms

3. Internal
symptoms
TYPES/SYMPTOMS OF STRESS Cont . . .
1. Short Term Physical
Symptoms

 Faster Heart Beat

 Increased Swearing
 Cool Skin
 Cold Hand & Feet
 Rapid Breathing
 Tense Muscles
 Diarrhea
 Feeling Of Nausea
TYPES/SYMPTOMS OF STRESS Cont . . .
2. Long Term Physical
3. Internal Symptoms
Symptoms
 Change in Appetite  worry or anxiety
 Frequent Colds  confusion
 Illness  inability to concentrate
 Risk Factors  feeling ill
 feeling out of control
 mood changes
 depression
 frustration
 relying on medical
 difficulty in sleeping
TYPES/SYMPTOMS OF STRESS Cont . . .

4. Behavioral Symptoms

 talking too fast

 bad moods
Defensive
Being critical
 aggressions
Irrationality
 overreaction
 reacting emotionally
 being unable to concentrate
 reduce personal effectiveness
 making more mistakes
 neglect personal appraisal
 Organizational
Outcome in Stress

 Poor decisions
Making
 Decreased
creativity
 Lost work time
 Increased
turnover
 More sabotage
 Stress
Management

●
Procedures for helping people.
●
Cope with or reduce stress
●
Already being experienced

Stress
Prevention

●
Focuses on controlling or eliminating stressors that
might provoke the stress response.
STRESS MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

a. Wellness Trainings

Time Management
b. Relaxations
Coping skills

Assessment

Self help materials

Group programs
INDIVIDUAL STRESS MANAGEMENT

a. Time Management
b. Managing Change
c. Get Fit
d. Let It Go
e. Social Support
f. Relaxations Physical Exercise
 DEALING WITH LONG TERM STRESS

 Go to bed earlier
1. Fatigue & Exhaustion  taking good break
 time management strength
 Consult with doctor
2. Handling Depression  positive thinking
 talk to people & get support
 Set personal goals
 do SWOT analysis
3. Lack of Self Confidence  list the things that worry you
 write down things that you do better
 More assertive
4. Relationship  develop social skills
 empathy listening

5. Standards  high standards

ORGANIZATAIONAL STRESS MANAGEMENT

Goal Setting

Wellness Program Job Redesigning

Organizational Employee
Communication Involvement

Selection &
Placement
ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS MANAGEMENT

a. Improved personnel selection & job

placement
b. Trainings
c. Use of realistic goal settings
d. Redesigning of jobs
e. Increase employee involvement
f. Increased organizational commitment
g. Offering employee sabbaticals
ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS PREVENTION

a. Focus on people’s work demands

b. Focus on ways to reduce distress
c. Job redesign
d. Goal setting
e. Role negotiations
f. Career management
 THOUGHT OF THE DAY

Prepare and Prevent, don't Repair and Repent.

“Edward Coke”