MCA SEM II

BY
LEENA PALAV(34) SHEETAL KHAVARE(23)
RUPA MAJI(28) YOGESH SAWANT(50)
ABHILASH KUVALKAR(27) KIRAN DHOBALE(10)
PERWINDER SINGH(54) PRADEEP KANEGAVE(21)
India is world's 5th largest energy consumer 1
India’s energy consumption has been increasing in recent
years.
Industrial sector uses more than 60% of total energy 2.
By 2012, India will need another 60 to 70 GW of power,
the demand would be 950,000 MW by 20303.

(Sources: 1. Energy Information Administration, www.eia.doe.gov

2.Sectorial analysis for electricity demand in India,Subhash Mallah* and N.K.Bansal
3. Energy in India for the Coming Decades,, Anil Kakodkar, Chairman, Atomic Energy
Commission, India )
Energy has been universally recognized as one of the
most important inputs for economic growth and
human development.
There is a strong two-way relationship between
economic development and energy consumption.
There are two type of sources to create energy
 Exhaustible energy sources
 Natural-green energy sources
Exhaustible sources
 Hydro
 Thermal
 Nuclear
Natural-green energy sources
 Wind
 Solar
 Bio Fuel
Source: EA International Energy Annual
THERMAL ENERGY
 A thermal power station is a power plant in which the
prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into
steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an
electrical generator.

 Three main materials used in Thermal Power Plants are-

COAL
NATURAL GAS
OIL

Continue
Source: EA International Energy Annual
 Sources are limited
 Thermal energy plants create pollution which is highly
dangerous for surrounding area
 Nuclear waste made by Nuclear power plants are hard
to dispose.
 downside to using hydro energy is that it can change
the natural flow of the water which can make it possible
to harm plants and animals in the water.
Conventional energy resources such as coal, oil, and
natural gas are limited and non-renewable
Green energy resources are indigenous, non-polluting
and virtually inexhaustible
Green energy sources can be
 Wind
 Solar
 Bio Fuel
Wind
 Wind energy is the kinetic energy associated with the movement of
atmospheric air.
 The Indian wind energy sector has an installed capacity of 10,891.00 MW
 India is ranked 5th in the World
Solar
 Solar power is the conversion of sunlight to electricity.
 The contribution of Solar power with an installed capacity of 9.84 MW the
total natural energy
Bio-Fuel
 Bio-fuels are a wide range of fuels which are in some way derived from
biomass as plants and animal materials,
 We can use it repeatedly without depleting it.
 No contribution to global warming,
 No polluting emissions
 Low cost applications when counting all costs
 Saving on health and its costs
 The initial cost of the equipment used to harness the
suns energy.  
 Pollution can be a disadvantage to solar panels
 Fresh water is a renewable source, yet the world's
supply of clean, fresh water is steadily decreasing
 Wind Energy is non-dispatchable
 Biofuel creation also requires enormous amounts of
material reasing.
 Lack of optimum utilization of the existing generation
capacity
 Inadequate & inter regional transmission link
 Inadequate & ageing sub transmission & distribution
network
 Slow pace of rural electrification
 Inefficient use of electricity by end consumer
Ocean energy
 Sea waves as source of energy
 Two types of energy
mechanical energy from waves and tides and
Thermal energy from solar radiations falling on the ocean
surface making them the world's largest solar collectors.
Pressure pad by walking
 the power of footsteps to generate electricity
 As per study the average 34,000 travelers that pass
through the station each hour could power 6,500 light
bulbs.
 Electricity generation by power utilities during 2009-10 has been
targeted to go up by 9.1 per cent to 789.5 billion KWh. The growth of
power generation during April–December 2009 was about 6.0 per cent
as compared to about 2.7 per cent during April-December 2008.

Achievemen
Year Target % of Target % growth
t
2005-06 621.50 617.51 99.4 5.1
2006-07 623.00 662.4 99.9 7.3
2007-08 710.00 704.5 99.2 6.3
2008-09 774.09 723.8 93.47 2.74
2009-10* 591.40 573.0 96.81 16.17
 * Up to December 2009
 Source: Ministry of Power, Government of India
 The power supply position of the country over the years is as follows:

Energy Energy Availability Energy

Year
Requirement(MU) (MU) shortage(%)
2002-03 545674 497589 8.8
2003-04 559264 519398 7.1
2004-05 5,91,373 5,48,115 7.3
2005-06 6,31,554 5,78,819 8.4
2006- 07 6,90,587 6,24,495 9.6
2007-08 7,37,052 6,66,007 9.8
2008-09 7,77,039 6,91,038 11.1
2009-10* 6,17,554 5,57,138 9.8

 * Up to December 2009
 Source: Ministry of Power, Government of India
  The deficit in power supply in terms of peak availability and total energy
availability rose continuously from 2002-03 to 2007-08, a period characterized by
high growth in peak demand and total energy requirement.

Year Peak Demand (MW) Peak Met (MW) Peak shortage (%)
2002-03 81492 71547 12.2
2003-04 84574 75066 11.2
2004-05 87,906 77,652 11.7
2005-06 93,255 81,792 12.3
2006-07 1,00,715 86,818 13.8
2007-08 1,08,866 90,793 16.6
2008-09 1,09,809 96,785 11.9
 * Up to December 2009
2009-10* 1,16,281 1,01,609 12.6
 Source: Ministry of Power,Government of India
 The PLF of generating plants has improved consistently over the last few years.
The comparative sector-wise PLF in percentage over the years are as under:

Year Target Actual Sector -wise Actual

(%) (%) Central State Private
2002-03 70.8 72.1 77.1 68.7 68.7
2003-04 72.0 72.7 78.7 68.4 80.4
2004-05 73.4 74.2 81.3 68.9 84.1
2005-06 74.7 74.0 82.6 67.3 85.4
2006-07 76.3 76.8 84.8 70.6 86.3
2007-08 77.1 78.6 86.7 71.9 90.8
 * Up to December 2009
2008-09 79.17 77.19 84.30 71.17 91.01
 Source: Ministry of Power, Government of India
2009-10* 76.62 76.17 84.10 69.7 84.4
Sr No. States/Uts Total inhabited Cumulative %age of
villages as per 2001 Achievement as villages as on
census on 31-01-2010 31-01-2010
1 Andhra Pradesh 26613 26613 100.0
2 Arunachal Pradesh 3863 2195 56.8
3 Assam 25124 19741 78.6
4 Bihar 39015 23914 61.3
5 Delhi 158 158 100.0
6 Jharkhand 29354 9119 31.1
7 Goa 347 347 100.0
8 Gujrat 18066 18015 99.7
9 Haryana 6764 6764 100.0
10 Himachal Pradesh 17495 17183 98.2
11 Jammu & Kashmir 6417 6304 98.2
12 Karnatka 27481 27458 99.9
13 Kerala 1364 1364 100.0
 Cumulative %age of
Sr. Total inhabited villages
States/Uts Achievement as villages as on
No. as per 2001 census
on 31-01-2010 31-01-2010
14 Madhya Pradesh 52117 50231 96.4
15 Chattishgarh 19744 18877 95.6
16 Maharashtra 41095 36296 88.3
17 Manipur 2315 1989 85.9
18 Meghalaya 5782 3428 59.3
19 Mizoram 707 570 80.6
20 Nagaland 1278 823 64.4
21 Orissa 47529 29735 62.6
22 Punjab 12278 12278 100.0
23 Rajsthan 39753 28018 69.9
24 Sikkim 450 425 94.4
25 Tamil Nadu 15400 15400 100.0
26 Tripura 858 491 57.2
27 Uttar Pradesh 97942 86450 88.3
28 Uttranchal 15761 15213 96.5
29 West Bengal 37945 37755 (#) 99.5
Total (States) 593015 497157 83.8
 Total inhabited Cumulative %age of villages
Sr No. States/Uts villages as per Achievement as as on
2001 census on 31-01-2010 31-01-2010
  Union Territories      
1 A & N Island 501 336 67.1
2 Chandigarh 23 23 100.0
3 D & N Haveli 70 70 100.0
4 Daman & Diu 23 23 100.0
5 Lakshdweep 8 8 100.0
6 Pondicherry 92 92 100.0
  Total (UTs) 717 552 77.0
  Total (All India) 593732 497709 83.8

(#) Inclusive of 738 number of villages electrified during last three years.
Note: Andaman & Nicobar authority stated that Out of 501 total inhabited villages,
81 villages are under encroachment forest area and 72 villages washed out during
Tsunami.
(Source: Ministry of Power, Government of India)
 Turn off your electrical devices when they are not being
used.
 Cook many items at the same time when your electric
oven is hot.
 Put lamps in the corner of a room so that the light is
reflected off two walls.
 Boil water in a kettle rather than on a hob to save 50-
70% of the energy and to get your water boiled faster.
 In the summer use ceiling fans on a fast setting
instead of air conditioning to keep cool.
 Handle Electricity to avoid Electrical accidents.
 Use the power theft detector circuit
 Pay energy charges regularly and help the organization
for better service.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 1.India struggles with power theft,By Mark Gregory ,BBC World Service international business reporter in Rohini,
Delhi
 2. Sectorial analysis for electricity demand in India,Subhash Mallah and N.K.Bansal, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi
University
 3. Energy in India for the Coming Decades, Anil Kakodkar,Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, India
 4. Indian Express, Renewable Energy can meet India's 35 percent demand by 2030
 5.Bureau of Energy Efficiency, New Delhi
 6. 8th World Wind Energy Conference & Exhibition Wind Power for Islands – Offshore and Onshore Jeju Island,
South Korea 23-25 June 2009
 7. Use of Biomass in meeting the Energy demand of Remote Rural Villagers In a Socially and environmentally sound
manner. By S.K.Bose, Senior Advisor,GP Green Energy Systems Pvt. Ltd.
 8. Growing Energy Demand in India and China, from http://www.researchandmarkets.com
 9. International Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 1:3 2009 Energy Supply, Demand and
Environmental Analysis – A Case Study of Indian Energy Scenario, I.V. Saradhi, G.G. Pandit and V.D. Puranik
 10. Elasticities of Electricity Demand inUrban Indian Households
 Massimo Filippini Shonali Pachauri, Centre for Energy Policy and Economics Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology.
 11. Nuclear Power –An alternative, Dr. S.K.Jain, Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited & Bharatiya Nabhikiya
Vidyut Nigam Limited
 12. The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), COMPETITION IN INDIA’S ENERGY SECTOR (Electricity, Oil &
Gas and Coal)
 Websites:
www.wikipedia.com
www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/
http://powermin.nic.in/index.htm
http://www.cea.nic.in/
http://www.powergridindia.com/PGCIL_NEW/home.aspx
Turn on the brain and turn out the
lights

Thank you