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The Components of The System Unit: By: Janice Colon
The Components of The System Unit: By: Janice Colon
Chapter 4
By: Janice Colon
The System Unit
The system unit is a box-like case that stores the electronic
components of the computer used to process information.
Electronics components and other storage devices are located
inside the system unit.
Components inside the system unit include:
Processor
Memory
Module
Cards
Ports
Connectors
The Motherboard
The motherboard or the system board, is the
main circuit board in the system unit.
Mother board includes different types of
chips.
A chip is a small piece of semi conducting material, on
which integrated circuits are etched.
There are various chip packages such as;
Dual inline package
C o n tr o l U n it/
A r ith m e tic /
L o g ic U n it
In p u t D e v ic e s M e m o ry O u tp u t D e v ic e s
S to r a g e D e v ic e s
Central Processing Unit
1 ON
0 OFF
Data Representation
Computers uses a binary system to recognize the two states.
The binary system is a number that has just two unique digits, 0,
1, called bits.
Bit is the smallest unit of data the computer can represent.
When eight bits are grouped together as a unit, they form a byte,
which provides enough different combinations of 0’s and 1’s to
represent 256 individual characters.
These characters include numbers, uppercase and lowercase letters
of the alphabet, and punctuation marks.
Combinations of 0’s and 1’s are defined by patterns called coding
scheme.
Two popular coding schemes are:
The American Standard Code for Information Exchange
S ta tic R A M D y n a m ic R A M
(S R A M ) (D R A M )
U s e d fo r s p e c ia l M ost Com m on
a p p lic a tio n s u c h Type
as cache
F a s te r a n d
m o r e r e li a b le F a s te r v a r ia tio n s
th a n D R A M o f D R A M a re S D R A M
c h ip s and RDRAM
Memory
ROM (read-only memory) refers to memory
chips that only can be read and used, which
means they cannot be modified.
ROM is nonvolatile memory (NVM), meaning
CMOS
Another type of memory chip, it stores
configuration information about the computer and
uses battery power to retain information when the
power to the computer is turned off.
Expansion Slots and
expansion cards
An expansion slot is an opening, or socket, where you can
insert a circuit board into the motherboard.
These circuit boards are called; card, expansion board,
expansion board, adapter card, adapter, interface card, add-
in, and add-on.