Professional Documents
Culture Documents
i. Kerajaan (government)
pegawai awam
ii. Rakyat (people)
iii. Sempadan (boundary)
iv. Kedaulatan (sovereignty)
• Pentad awam menurut K.Ramanathan
melibatkan dua komponen iaitu:
(i) Awam (public) – iaitu suatu institusi atau agensi
yg dijalankan atau dipunyai serta memperoleh
sumber2 kewangannya secara terus @ sebaliknya
drpd kjaan pusat atau tempatan; dan
(ii) Pentadbiran (administration) – ialah berasal
drpd pktaan Latin “administrare” yang membawa
erti membantu @ mengarahkan. Oleh itu, ia
membawa maksud memerhati akan sesuatu atau
mengarahkan sesuatu atau dilaksanakan
KONSEP TADBIR URUS
• Tadbir urus (governance) merupakan salah satu aspek
penting dlm pentad & pgrsn -awam dan swasta
• Kini peranan tadbir urus yg baik (good governance)
semakin mdpt perhatian
• Tujuan berikan kekuatan dan imej yg baik
• usaha m’perkasakan tadbir urus yg b’kualiti, dinamik,
cekap & sbgnya telah bermula sejak awal 1980-an
lagi. penekanan kpd ciri2 spt ketelusan
(transparency), keberkesanan (effectiveness) dan
kecekapan (efficiency), akauntabiliti dan responsif
dalam memenuhi kehendak rakyat
KONSEP TADBIR URUS YANG BAIK
• Tdpt pelbagai tafsiran mengenai tadbir urus yg baik
spt:
(i) Good governance is defined as “the exercise of
power by various levels of government that is
effective, honest, equitable, transparent and
accountable” (IOG, 1999);
(ii) Good governance is defined as “a system that is
transparent, accountable, just fair, democratic,
participatory and responsive to people’s needs”
(World Conference on Governance, 1999).
• Tadbir urus yang baik dalam arena nasional,
politikal, sosial dan ekonomi boleh dijadikan
sbg panduan dan asas serta persediaan dlm
m’hadapi pelbagai tekanan globalisasi
• Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (TPM) –untuk
hapuskan imej tradisi iaitu sebuah birokrasi yg
lembab & sejajar dgn era p’alihan globalisasi
• Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (PM) –perkenal Islam
Hadhari utk pemb sosio-ekon & teknologi,
keadilan sosial dan toleransi kaum
Kronyism – favourite to friends, supporters
Nepotism – favourite to family, relatives
KONSEP TADBIR URUS KORPORAT
• Lee Fook Hong (2002: 4) tadbir urus korporat
(corporate governance) adalah merujuk
kepada:
“the processes and structure by which the business
and affairs of the company are directed and
managed, in order to enhance long term shareholder
value through enhancing corporate performance and
accountability, whilst at the same time taking into
account the interest of other stakeholders.”
• Owen E. Hughes (2003: 76) menjelaskan
bahawa tadbir urus korporat merujuk kpd:
“to how the private sector structures its internal
mechanisms to provide for accountability to its
stakeholder; while government may be involved in
this through the company law, there are aspects
which it does not control.”
BADAN PEMERINTAH DAN SISTEM PENTADBIRAN
MALAYSIA