Pre-slaughter Handling

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Pre-salughter Handling
 Animal handling
 Animal transportation
 Animal resting/lairage
 Animal fasting
 Animal stunning

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Animal handling
 Farm animals must be handled well to
achieve animal welfare and good meat
quality. It is important that the management
of livestock animals understand behavior
animals and basic principles of handling
animals with low stress.

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Aims of animal handling
 Using natural behavior from animals to
move them.
 Handling animals with stress levels low.
 Use cattle talkers effectively to move cattle.
 Inspection and repair of handling facilities.

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SOP of animal handling
 Design and maintenance of handling
facilities
 Move and sort / manage farm animals
 Use of cattle talker tools

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Transportation
 This section includes loading and
unloading livestock and systems
transportation. This section includes land
transportation from ship to feedlot and / or
abattoir.

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Aims of transportation
 Use and maintenance of facilities and
equipment in feedlots and abattoirs.
 Placing animlas in groups right for
transportation.
 Unloading with minimum stress.
 Identify and handle animals injury.

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SOP of transportation
 Use and maintenance of loading and
unloading facilities and equipment when
leaving the ship, in feedlot and
slaughterhouse.
 Placing animals in the right group for
transportation.
 Loading and unloading with minimum stress.
 Identify and deal with injured animals.

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Vehicle
 Must be constructed and maintained in a way
which ensures the safety of the animals during
loading, transport and unloading;
 Must protect animals from injury, unnecessary
suffering, inclement weather and excessive
noise and vibration;
 Must be free from sharp edges, protrusions,
gaps and spaces which are likely to cause
injury.

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Vehicle or truck

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Stress in animals
 Stress occurs when animals have to make
extreme and/or prolonged physiological
and behavioural adjustments in order to
cope with their environment.

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Animals stress
 Physical – due to fatigue or injury.
 Physiological – due to hunger, thirst or
temperature control.
 Behavioural – due to the environment,
unfamiliar people or surroundings.

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Temperature and humidity
 Mammals and birds are homeotherms which means
they need to maintain a constant core body
temperature.
 If core body temperature falls the animals become
hypothermic. A fall of 7-8oC is undesirable but can
often be followed by complete recovery.
 If core body temperature rises the animals become
hyperthermic. An increase of only 5oC, in many cases,
will be fatal.

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Space per animal
Species Category Weight (kg) Area per animal
(m2)
Catle Calves 110 0.40-0.70
Heavy calves 200 0.70-0.95
Medium cattle 325 0.95-1.30
Heavy cattle 550 1.30-1.60
Very heavy cattle >700 >1.60
Sheep Shorn <55 0.20-0.30
>55 >0.30
Pig Pork 40-65 0.20-0.30
Bacon 80-100 0.35-0.45
Heavy >100 >0.45

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Transport facilities and equipment
 Before loading and unloading livestock,
check that the facility will not cause animal
injury.
 If the facility is likely to cause injury, the
damage should be repaired immediately or
the animals unloaded elsewhere.
 Remove any disturbances from loading and
unloading facilities that may cause the
animal to stop, crash or return.
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Transport facilities and equipment
 Check for livestock trucks for any signs of
damage and wear that can hurt animals and
report damage to truck drivers or supervisors.
 Give instructions that any repair on the
damaged truck must be completed before it is
used again to transport the cattle.
 All livestock should be loaded / unloaded by a
caretaker, port worker or an experienced
livestock truck driver.
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Transport facilities and equipment
 Sufficient cages and livestock should be available before
starting the demolition.
 Check that the ramp / road slope does not exceed about 30
degrees.
 Check that the road surface / ramp, or tailgate when it
becomes part of the road, is not slippery.
 Lighting should be provided for loading and unloading at
night.
 Make sure that there is enough lighting to encourage animals
to move in or out of the truck, but make sure that light is not
directly directed to their eyes (eg light beams or sunlight).

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Slippery floor of the truck should be
covered with floor mats.

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 Cargo density for livestock to keep
standing while in a truck.

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Loading animals onto trucks
 Check that the number of animals that must be
transported on a vehicle or in a container, and their
allocation to the compartment, has been determined
before loading begins.
 Before loading, make sure that the truck is parallel to
the ramp / ramp with no gaps ..
 Loading should only be done by experienced and
skilled personnel.
 Move the animals in small groups that are easily
handled from the demolition cage / ramp to the truck.

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Loading animals onto trucks
 Allow animals to move on trucks at their own pace,
especially if the truck floor is not made of anti-skid
material.
 Handling of animals' which includes more detailed
handling procedures.
 Do not stand in front of the animals or in front of their
view directly as this can stop them from moving to the
truck. Standing on one side will encourage the
movement of animals.

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Loading animals onto trucks
 Observe each animal when walking against signs of
lameness and injury.
 Check that all animals are healthy to transport.
Livestock sick and injured should not be loaded.
 For easier handling, try to place a group of animals
from a ship or feedlot together during loading and on a
truck.
 Do not use sticks, plastic pipes or long metal and thick
leather belts to hit the cattle.

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Loading animals onto trucks
 Sticks can be used as an extension of your hand to
make yourself look bigger, for example, to fill the
space at the gate.
 Waggers / flappers (canvas with canvas strips) or
bells can be used to encourage movement, but not to
hit animals.
 Electrical shock tools should not be used when
loading.

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Loading animals onto trucks
 Check that the animal in the truck has enough room to
stand comfortably.
 Try as much as possible to place animals in their
social groups. Horned and unedited animals are only
mixed if they are suitable (for example,
 They had previously been transported together
without any problems).
 Do not bring pregnant animals to slaughter.

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Load animals onto trucks
 Cover the tailgate before moving away from the ramp
to minimize the possibility of the animal escaping.
 After loading is complete, the animal must be
transported without delay and not placed on a silent
truck.

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Unloading animals from truck
 Animals should be lowered feedlot / slaughterhouses
within an hour after arriving. In slaughterhouses,
animals must be slaughtered in the order of their arrival
to make the field move more smoothly and limit the
time at the holding cage.
 If the animal has to be applied, check the food and
water requirements.
 The truck should be slowly and quietly reversed into the
demolition ramp.
 Make sure that the truck is straight with the ramp so
there is no gap.
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Unloading animals from truck
 Dismantling should be done only by experienced and
skilled personnel.
 Allow animals to get out of the truck at their own pace,
especially if the truck floor is not made of anti-skid material.
 Make sure that you read and understand SOP 1: 'Animal
handling', which includes more detailed handling
procedures.
 Do not stand in front of the animals or in front of their view
directly as this can stop them from moving out of the truck.
Standing on one side will encourage animal movement.

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Unloading animals from truck
 Observe each animal when walking against signs of
lameness and injury. Lairage / Shelter Storage '' for
handling of sick animals and injuries.
 For easier handling, keep animals in the same group
when moving them to a feedlot or a holding cage.
 Do not use sticks, plastic pipes or long metal and thick
leather belts to hit the cattle.

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Unloading animals from truck
 Sticks can be used as an extension of your hand to
make yourself look bigger, for example, to fill the
space at the gate.
 Cattle talker can be used to encourage movement but
not to be used to beat animals.
 Stokmen should not carry or use electric shock
devices on a regular basis. Electrical shock devices
are used only if the stock is in danger.

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Unloading animals from truck
 After dismantling, move the animal to the feedlot or
enclosure and enclosure facility according to customer
requirements and instructions from your supervisor.
 Consider the impact of mixing different groups when
placing animals in cages.
 In slaughterhouses, in case of prolonged disturbance,
stop delivery to ensure adequate space for animals in
the holding cage.

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Unloading facility should be checked
before transport arrives.

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Five freedoms of animal welfare
 Freedom from hunger and thirst. In the Islamic
method livestock should be treated well (ichsan) by
preparing fresh drinking water and feed before
slaughter in order to maintain the health and fitness of
livestock after traveling from the place of origin to the
place of slaughter.
 Freedom from discomfort. Livestock to be slaughtered
provided shelter and rest in order to be enough
energy when it will be slaughtered and not die due to
exhaustion.

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Five Freedoms of Animal Wellfare
 Freedom pain, injury and diseases.
 Freedom to express most normal behaavior. Livestock
to be slaughtered has enough space to move freely as
a good treatment (ichsan) and should not be hurt if
done streaking.
 Freedom from fear and distress. Livestock is
prevented from fear due to the torture treatment of
cutting when not using a sharp knife.

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Lairage facilities
 The temporary cage / lairage design should allow sick
or injured animals to be removed at any time with
minimal disruption.
 The temporary enclosure should be adequately
ventilated to minimize moisture.
 The feed and water trough should allow adequate
access for all animals. Trenches should not hinder the
movement of animals.
 There should be areas that are bright enough to allow
for animal inspection.

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Lairage facilities
 Before arriving at the slaughterhouse, check out the
facilities for signs of damage that could harm the
livestock coming.
 Fix, or do not use, any facilities that may cause injury
or have a bad effect on animal welfare and carcass
quality.
 Clean all dirty equipment (eg water troughs, stools in
cages) before the animals arrive at the shelter pen.
 Provided beds should be maintained in conditions that
minimize risks to animal health and safety.

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Lairage facilities
 Check that the shelter provides enough space for the
animals to arrive. They should be able to stand, lie
and spin (equivalent to at least 1.8m2 per animal).
 Check that water is available in all cages until the
animal is slaughtered.

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Handling animals in lairage
 Livestock needs to be separated by sex, age, weight, or
customer requirements.
 Place animals with special requirements in the holding
pen.
 If possible, place the groups that come together a on the
same cage.
 Do not mengisoir individual animals
 Make sure that all animals in the holding cage (even
those slaughtered on the same day) have access to
clean drinking water. Clean trough water contaminated
with dirt or feed.

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Handling animals in lairage
 Provide feed for livestock that is accommodated for (>
12 hours).
 Animals that are returned to the holding pen during
interruption must have access to water.
 Animals kept in shelters for more than 12 hours
should be inspected at least twice a day by competent
livestock boats.
 If a sick animal or injury is identified during an
inspection at a holding cage,

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 Storage cage should be large enough for all
the cattle to stand, to turn and lie down.

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Animals held for more than 12 hours
should be fed.

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Extreme environmental conditions
 Shade must be available for all cows in hot
environmental conditions.
 Check the animals for signs of rapid breathing or other
hot signs of stress.
 Check the water troughs more often to ensure that the
livestock has unlimited supply of clean water.
 Watch the cattle spread in the enclosure to reduce the
density in the enclosure and improve air circulation.
 In cold weather, keep cattle in a cage protected from
strong winds and move vulnerable animals to warmer
areas in storage cages.

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Shade must be provided during very
hot conditions.

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Aims of animal resting
 Restoring energy reserve or glycogen so that
glycolysis process occurs well.
 Blood can come out as much as possible, because of
livestock struggling or contracting strongly. In this
condition blood that is sprayed out will be more
perfect.
 Animals do not experience stress during rest and
livestock not clash with each other. If this happens
then the treatment breaks will not be useful even
reduce the quality of cutting and cutting results.

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Aims of animal fasting
 To obtain body weight after reduced contents of the
digestive tract, bladder/ urinary contents and contents
of bile duct.
 To make easy for the slaughter process, especially
aggressive or wild livestock because fasted cattle
become calmer.
 To reduce the contamination risks of the digestive
tract content.

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Stunning of cattle
 Stunning of cattle is the process of rendering cattle
unconscious but not killing it prior to slaughter.  

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Aims of stunning
 To make easy of cattle slaughter process, so that
animals do not tormented or avoid the risk of rough
treatment at the time drop cattle.
 To obtain the quality of the skin and carcass produced
is better, because of the when dropping cattle is not a
lot of slamming or hit objects hard, so that defects in
the skin or bruises on the carcass can kept to a
minimum.

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Requirement of stunning
a. Stunning only causes animals to be temporarily
unconscious, not causing animals to be dead and not
causing any permanent injury;
b. Aimed to ease slaughter;
c. The implementation is a form of ihsan, not a torture to
animals;
d. Stunning equipment must guarantee the fulfilment of r
equirement a, b, c, and not carried out to halal animal
and non-halal one (pigs) as a preventive step.

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Requirement of stunning
e. The determination of stunning policies, selection of
types, and implementation techniques must be under
the supervision of experts guaranteeing the fulfilment
of requirement a, b, c, and d.

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Methods of stunning
 Electrical stunning electrodes are placed across the
animal’s brain and a current is applied for a few
seconds. This is mainly used for sheep and for pigs,
although can also be used for calves and cattle.
(Electrical stun-killing is sometimes used where the
heart is stopped.)
 Captive bolt stunning uses a gun-like device to deliver
a blow to the animal’s head, which may penetrate the
skull. This method is mainly used for adult cattle but
can also be used for adult pigs, sheep and calves.

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Methods of stunning
 Waterbath electrical stunning is used for
poultry; conscious birds are hung by their
feet from metal shackles, which form one
electrode, on a conveyor belt. Their heads
are then dipped into an electrified water
bath.
 Gas stunning or stun/killing (mainly carbon
dioxide, CO2): used for pigs, poultry and
fish.
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 以上
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