“Job Safety Analysis”

(J S A)
Tak Ada Waktu untuk Sebuah Kesalahan

SALAK FSWP TEAM

Nov – Dec 2008

© Chevron 2005 DOC ID

 OE Moment

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 TRAINING CONTENT

 Introduction
 Purpose & Benefit of JSA
 Elements of JSA
 Selecting Job Functions to Analyze
 Defining Basic Job Steps
 Identifying Potential Hazards
 Recommending Corrective Measures

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 INTRODUCTION

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 INTRODUCTION
In this training we will
discuss :
 The purpose & benefits of JSA
 Criteria for selecting job
functions to analyze
 How to define basic job steps
 Identifying potential hazards
 Developing approaches to
eliminate or control the
hazards

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 What is Job Safety Analysis

 Procedure
 Brings All of the Elements Worker Surrounding
Tool
Together s
 Organize the Tools
Worker Safety
 Lists the Tools Steps
 Lists the Safety Equipment
 Identifies the Skills Needed Environ’t Worker
Equi
 Allows the Right Worker and p
the Right Tools to Be
Selected for the Task

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 PURPOSE AND
BENEFITS OF JSA

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 PURPOSE & BENEFITS OF JSA
(Continue)

Goal of JSA
 To determine the safest way to properly
perform the job.
 To eliminate the potential for incidents
before they happen

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 PURPOSE & BENEFITS OF JSA

Purpose of Job Safety Analysis - proactive approach

to incident prevention
A systematically process, that identifies
 workplace hazards
 potential hazards and unsafe acts
 mitigation plan to eliminate or control the hazards

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 PURPOSE & BENEFITS OF JSA
(Continue)

JSA involves studying a job and its associated tasks to

find ways to make it safer – by :
 defining the basic steps for each job task,
 identifying potential hazards,
 developing mitigation plan to eliminate or control the
hazards, and
 implement the mitigation plan.

This process is also known as a job task analysis or job

hazard analysis or job risk assessment

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 PURPOSE & BENEFITS OF JSA
(Continue)

Benefits of JSA
Many benefits of a successful JSA program:
 Potential hazards can be eliminated or controlled
 Proactively prevents and reduces incidents
 Actively involves workers in job safety
 Increases workers’ awareness of potential hazards
 Establishes safe work procedures for job tasks
 Creates a more productive work environment
 Identifies step-by-step job procedures to be incorporated into
SOPs or used in training or for auditing safe work practices
 Identifies correct tools and safety equipment to use
 A strong message on management’s commitment to safety

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 Element of JSA

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 Element of JSA

Basic elements for conducting the JSA are - -

 Selecting or forming the team
 Define the basic steps for each job task (Outlining the
sequence of events)
 Identify potential hazards for each step defined
 Develop mitigation plan to eliminate/control the hazards
and identify the person responsible to ensure mitigation
steps are taken

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 Element of JSA (continue)

The JSA Team include:

 Workforce familiar with the job & its hazards (person
doing the job)
 Supervisor of workforce involved in the job
 Safety personnel (if required for review)
 Engineers (if required for review)

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB
STEPS

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS

A Series of Basis Steps needed to complete

the task.
 Any job, no matter how complex it is, can be divided
into specific steps.
 Defining each job step is the key of job safety
analysis.
 Basic steps are used to identify potential hazards and
analyze the most effective way to perform the task

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS (continue)

What is a Job Step?

Any activity that
advances the process
being performed.
Basically, it is a
segment of the
operation necessary
toward getting the work
done.

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS (continue)

Sample Description

For an example of defining the basic job steps, let’s look at

the catcher’s job on a baseball team.

First, the catcher crouches behind the plate. Then he gives

the pitcher sign. He positions the glove for a target, and
places his bare hand behind his back. Then he catches the
ball, stands, and throws it back to the pitcher.

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS (continue)

In a job safety analysis, the steps would be :

1. CROUCH behind the plate 5. CATCH the ball

2. GIVE the sign to the pitcher 6. STAND

3. POSITION glove for a target 7. THROW the ball to the pitcher

4. PLACE bare hand behind back

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS (continue)

Gathering Job Information

Several best sources for defining job steps are:
 Visual Observation
 Worker Interviews & Discussions
 Standard Operating Procedure

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS (continue)

Visual Observation
 Observation period (most typical conditions
exist).
For example : if the job is mostly performed on
the night shift, then observations should occur
at night.
 Select experience & knowledgeable workers
for observation and input. Workers who
perform the same task may do it
differently.
 Factors may have a direct impact to the
job, include size, strength, height, reach,
skill level, environmental conditions, and
more.
 A video camera is a valuable tool when
conducting direct observations. (to records
each step of the job, and can be reviewed
later).

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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS (continue)

Interviews & Discussions

 Worker input is very important (. Workers who
perform the job tasks can provide valuable
information:
 why a step is necessary,
 when it is best performed,
 whether it could be combined or eliminated
 Talk with workers and supervisors about the job
you are analyzing.
 Ask the worker to describe (using own words)
what he/she actually does.
 The interviews can be helpful when analyzing a
task that is not performed on a regular basis or
is new to the facility.
 When developing the list of basic job steps,
remember to tell what must be done, not how it
should be done. Only include steps that are a
natural part of the operation.
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 DEFINING BASIC JOB STEPS (continue)

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

 Worker shall refer to existing SOP when
available and applicable
 Manufacture’s manual

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 IDENTIFYING
POTENTIAL HAZARDS

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 IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL HAZARDS

1. Identify all potential hazards for each job step (one or

more hazard), include :
 Tools or equipment being used
 Workstation
 Environment
 Surrounding activities
2. Ask the worker about its hazards on visual observation.
3. Always remember that you are IDENTIFYING potential
hazards (not trying to solve problems).
4. Examine all steps closely and identify every hazard. Remember
that some steps may have more than one hazard
5. Videotaping the job will allow you to review potential hazards in
greater detail
6. Additional resources for cross checking potential hazards for
specific job functions (incident report data, lesson learned, etc.)

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 IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL HAZARDS
(continue)

Recording Hazards on the

JSA Worksheet
Recording hazards on the JSA
worksheet, should be direct
and concise.
For example:
A worker performing a task
near moving equipment that
could snag a part of their
clothing  record “CAUGHT
ON” on your worksheet.

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 RECOMMENDING
MITIGATION PLAN

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 RECOMMENDING MITIGATION PLAN

All hazards are identified and

recorded, the next action is develop
recommended procedures and control
measures.
 first priority is to eliminate the
hazard (if possible)
 Solution must be specific and
complete.
 Statements such as “STAY
ALERT” and “PAY ATTENTION”
are not acceptable as mitigation
plan.
 The mitigation plan should not
only state WHAT to do, but HOW
to do it.

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 RECOMMENDING MITIGATION PLAN
(continue)

Sample Corrective Measures

In baseball example, the hazards
cannot be eliminated since the
batter, bat and ball are all
necessary elements of the game.
Recommended actions include:
 Wear PPE:
 shin guards,
 chest protector,
 helmet and mask.
 Maintain a minimum three-foot
distance from the batter’s back
foot.
 Shield the non-catching hand
behind the back.
 Step to the opposite side of the
batter to throw.

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 RECOMMENDING MITIGATION PLAN
(continue)

Questions to Ask
Questions to ask in developing recommended actions and
control measures include:
 Is the step necessary to complete the job?
 Is there a better way to do the job or individual step?
 Are there mechanical changes which could reduce the number of
job steps?
 Can the hazards be eliminated or modified?

When controlling hazards and developing countermeasures the

following should be taken into account:
 Severity
 Frequency of exposure
 Probability of occurrence

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 RECOMMENDING MITIGATION PLAN
(continue)

The first priority is to eliminate the

hazard. When this is not feasible, a
hierarchy of control measures should
be instituted. Examples of this
include:
 Replacing hazardous substances
with less toxic ones
 Providing personal protective
equipment
 Developing safe work practices
 Providing instruction and
training
 The use of ventilation
 Installing guarding, alarm
systems, interlocks, warning
signs, and other devices
 And many other possible
solutions

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 JSA Procedure

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 Job safety Analysis
Most incidents have been related to the
personnel not understanding the risk
and hazards of the work they were
performing.
A key tool to identify these risks and
hazards is the JSA (also called Job
Hazard Analysis, and Task Risk
Assessment).

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 JSA in Five Component Model

OE process model to describe JSA procedure,

covers below areas: :
 Purpose, Scope and Objectives
 Procedures
 Resources, Roles, and Responsibilities
 Measurement and Verification
 Continual Improvement

* Expectation, Requirements and Linkages

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 JSA in Five Component Model
(continue)

Purpose
 The foundation to supports Incident Free Operations
(IFO).
 Behavioral tool to identify and minimize risk in routine
and non-routine job tasks
 Enable worker to minimize exposure to conditions that
may cause injuries
 Priority of the jobs in highest rate of injuries or where
"near misses" have occurred
 Should be conducted and made available for all jobs in
the workplace

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 JSA in Five Component Model
(continue)

Scope
Basic steps for conducting the JSA :
 Outline the sequence of events
 Identify hazards associated with those events
 Document steps to be taken to mitigate the identified
hazards
 Identify the person responsible to ensure mitigation steps
are taken

Objective
 Proactively identify and eliminate potential hazards
 Help implement controls to eliminate or reduce the hazards

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 JSA in Five Component Model
(continue)

Procedures
Five sequential of JSA process:

1. Choosing the Job

2. Selecting the Team

3. Breaking the Job Into Component Tasks

4. Identifying Hazards

5. Developing Solutions

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 JSA Procedures
(continue)

Step 1 : Choosing the Job

Job Analysis include the following condition:
 Historical high rate of incidents or near misses
 New jobs or jobs that have received a recent change in their
operating procedures
 Jobs that are done on an infrequent basis
 Jobs identified as needing a procedural review

Step 2 : Forming the Team

Group conducting the Job should include:
 The person doing the job (controller or employee)
 The supervisor of the area and workers in adjacent areas to the
work being analyzed
 Safety personnel
 Specialists (such as mechanical or chemical engineers

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 JSA Procedures
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Step 3 : Breaking the Job Down

Job broken down and organized into its component parts :
 Each task of the job completed should be identified and included in
the JSA.
 Consider the entire job (from preparation to clean-up, and turnover
back to operation)
 Facilitator of the group should perform this task in advance
 Use action words to describe “what” is being done; avoid
statements that tell “how” the work is done.
 Be sure to include the item of action applies (for example: “lift the
box”, “remove the extinguisher”, etc)
 Observe workers doing the job and looked for each step.
 Be sure to consider plant layout information and equipment
specifications.
 Place the steps in proper order and determine if any steps will be
performed in parallel

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 JSA Procedures
(continue)

Step 4: Identifying Hazards

It requires close observations and knowledge of the particular job being
looked at :
 search for all potential and existing hazards
 “What if” questions should be asked to identify possible hazards and
their cause
 What if there are still flammable vapors inside the vessel?
 What if employees are exposed to the inert gas?
 Surrounding condition to look during the stage of process:
 Physical (chemicals, tools, work space, etc.)
 environmental (heat, cold, noise, lighting, etc.)
 human actions or behaviors (need to stand on a slippery or unstable
surface, extended reach to operate a valve, lifting bulky objects)
 Look back on similar working conditions for an accident or near miss
has occurred (if any)
See Appendix B for types of hazards consideration when conducting the analysis
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 JSA Procedures
(continue)

Step 5 : Developing Solution

Generally the methods for controlling a hazard are :
 Elimination of the Hazard.
 Choose other process or modify existing process: (for example, can cold work
be performed instead of hot work?)
 Change to less hazardous material: if a harmful substance such as a strong
acid or base is used, can a less dangerous substance be used?
 Increase ventilation: helps to eliminate the hazard of a flammable or
explosive atmosphere
 Isolate the area: separate the work area with a temporary fire wall or similar
device, or shutdown nearby operations if that is not possible
 Substitute tools or equipment: (for example, should pneumatic tools be used
instead of electrical tools?)
 Engineering controls
 Administrative controls
 Raise awareness in the area of the job
 Provide emergency response facilities

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 Resources, Roles and Responsibilities
(continue)

 Identifies the roles, responsibilities and authorities of those in the

group to ensure a quality JSA are completed
 Define the necessary skills, experience and training group members
require
 Person(s) who will make sure that the hazards identified and the
controls deemed necessary are given proper attention

Process owner of the JSA:

 Performing Authority
 Accompanying Workers (if applicable)
 Non-Accompanying Workers (if applicable)
 JSA Process Sponsor
 JSA Process Advisor (Subject Matter Experts - SMEs)
 Resources

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 Measurement and Verification

 Metrics help determine the process effectiveness the and confirms the
objectives has met.
 Examples include
 The number of JSAs performed
 The number of JSAs to be audited
 Verification determines process critical steps and the effectiveness of the
system to reduce risk
 The prime example of Verification is actual audit process, as an instrumental :
 in assuring safety is long term
 to help to recognize changing conditions in job process

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 Continual Improvement

Continual Improvement includes:

 Evaluation
 Improvement
 Incorporating the JSA into Job
 Using the JSA effectively
 Training new employees

Incorporating the JSA into Job

 Pre-Job Planning
 Per-Job Communication
 Safety Meetings
 Auditing

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 Expectation, Requirements and Linkages

Expectation
This process meets the following OE expectations: Element 3: Safe Operation
3.2 A comprehensive safety program is in place for each location. Core elements
of the program shall include:
“A written job/task safety analysis process (JSA) to identify, eliminate or mitigate
potential risks prior to conduct work”

Geothermal & Power Requirements

1. Employees and Business Partners will be trained in Job Safety Analysis
(JSA)
2. Understand basic health, environment and safety
3. Understand JSA Requirements

Linkages to Other OE Processes:

1. Permit to Work System (PTW)
2. Facility Management Of Change (MOC)
3. II&R (Incident Investigation & Reporting)
4. OE Leadership Accountability
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 Safety !! - Just do it
You See it – You Own it

© Chevron 2005 DOC ID 49