Titrations

Aim: To understand how to use

volumetric analysis to determine the
concentration of acids or bases
 Moles in solution

No. of moles in solution = M x V

______
1000
 Moles in solution
• How many moles of NaCl are there in
each of these solutions:
• 0.500mol dm -3 .
• 0.750mol dm -3 ; 500cm3
• 0.650mol dm -3 ; 750cm3
• 1.5mol dm3 ; 1.5dm -3
 Calculations – Solution moles
• Calculate the number of moles of calcium
chloride needed to make a 2 Mol dm -3
solution, volume 250cm3.

• Calculate the mass of Calcium Chloride

needed to make up this solution.
 Number 2
• Calculate the number of moles of
sulphuric acid needed to make a 5 mol dm
-3 solution; volume 100cm3.

• What mass of sulphuric acid would be

needed to make up the solution?
 Solution calculations
• If 10.3g of sodium bromide was dissolved
in 250cm3 of solution what would its
concentration in mol dm -3 be?
 Solution calculation 2
• If 8g of copper sulphate was dissolved to
make up a solution of volume 500cm3,
what would be its concentration in mol dm
-3?
 Using titration to find out the exact
concentration of NaOH.
• Titration involves neutralisation – using an
acid of known concentration to find out the
concentration of NaOH
• Equation for the reaction:
• HCl + NaOH NaCl + H 2O
Titration to find out the concentration of a solution
of NaOH.
• If we know the volume and concentration of HCl
needed to neutralise 25cm3 NaOH we can use
this and the mole ratio from balanced equation
to work out:
• The number of moles of HCl that have reacted
with the NaOH.
• The balanced equation will than tell us the
number of moles of NaOH that reacted with the
HCl
• Because we know the volume of NaOH and the
number of moles we can then calculate the
concentration.
 Example
• In a titration 21.45cm3 of 0.500mol dm -3 HCl was
needed to neutralise 25cm3 NaOH. What is the
concentration of the NaOH?
• Step 1 – Calculate the moles of HCl needed to
neutralise the NaOH.
• Number of moles HCl= 21.45 x 0.5/1000 =
0.01072moles
• From the balanced equation work out the mole
ratio of NaOH to HCl
• 1 mole HCl reacts with 1 mole NaOH
• 0.01072 moles react with 0.01072 moles NaOH.
 Part 2
• Therefore, in 25cm3 of solution there are
0.01072moles of NaOH……. What is its
concentration?
• No of moles = MV/1000
• 0.01072 = M x 25/1000
• M = 0.01072 x 1000/25
• = 0.4288mol dm -3
 An Experiment to find out the concentration of a
solution of Sodium Hydroxide
• Half fill the 25ml pipette with your solution of sodium
hydroxide with a pipette filler.
• Remove the filler and place your thumb or first finger
over the round end of the pipette to stop the liquid
escaping.
• Invert the pipette a couple of times to rinse the pipette.
• Drain the liquid into an empty beaker – DO NOT BLOW
OUT THE LAST DROP OF LIQUID FROM THE
PIPETTE.
• Measure out accurately 25ml of the sodium hydroxide
solution by using the pipette and filler and in a empty
into a small conical flask. Add a few drops of the
indicator.
 Experiment continued
• Fill the burette with the HCl using a funnel with
enough acid to rinse the burette out – about
10ml. Place your thumb or first finger over the
round end of the burette and invert the burette
2/3 times.
• Drain the burette into a beaker using the tap so
that the acid also drains through the jet.
• Fill the burette ensuring that the jet is filled, and
note the volume accurately – read to 2 decimal
places.
 Experiment (3)
• Add the solution to the flask slowly and continually swirl
the flask.
• As the indicator begins to change colour add the acid
drop by drop to the flask.
• When the indicator has turned colourless and the end
point has been reached record the volume to decimal
places.
• Repeat the titration until 3 CONSISTENT volumes of
solution have been obtained – 3 readings within + or –
0.1ml.
• These 3 consistent results should then be averaged to
give the mean titre for the experiment.
 Results table
Titre – 1 2 3 4
Volume of
solution
added from
burette
Start volume
in cm3

Final volume
in cm3

Volume
delivered in
cm3
 Calculation
• Calculate the average volume of HCl that
reacted with 25cm3 of NaOH Show your working.
• Calculate the number of moles of HCl that
reacted with the NaOH.
• Using the balanced equation work out the
number of moles of NaOH that reacts with this
number of moles of HCl.
• Using this number of moles of NaOH and the
volume of NaOH used in the experiment
calculate its concentration.
 Confirming the concentration of your standard
solution of Sodium carbonate

• Carry out a titration to work out the

concentration of your solution of sodium
carbonate.
• The acid you are provided with is 0.1M
HCl.
• The indicator you will use for this titration
is screened methyl orange. The end point
is reached when it grey/purple from green
 Experiment write up
• Diagram and method and explanation for each stage of
the practical method.
• A balanced symbol equation for the reaction
• A results table identical to the HCl NaOH practical.
• The calculation to find out:
• The moles of HCl that reacted.
• The moles of Na2CO3 in the solution.
• The concentration of the Na2CO3.
• A comparison of the calculated value v your stated value
on the flask. Sources of experimental error?
 Question
• 25.0 cm3 of a 0.0504 mol dm -3 solution of
sulphuric acid was titrated with a solution of
sodium hydroxide. The mean titre was 27.8cm3.
• Write the balanced equation for this reaction.
• Calculate the number of moles of sulphuric acid
that reacted with the NaOH.
• Use the balanced equation to calculate the
number of moles of NaOH that react with the
acid.
• Claculate the concentration of the NaOH.
 Question.
• Calculate the volume of 0.100 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
solution required to neutralise 25 cm3 of 0.0567 mol dm-3
sodium carbonate solution.
• Write the balanced symbol equation for the reaction.
• Calculate the number of moles of sodium carbonate
solution.
• Using the balanced equation calculate the number of
moles of HCl that reacts with the sodium carbonate.
• Calculate the volume of HCl used in the reaction.