Lecture #4

2. Energy dissipation
 Types of energy dissipaters
•Energy dissipaters are d/s protection works used to dissipate
hydraulic energy (convert to heat).

•The main purpose is reducing the velocity of flow to low enough

to:
–Erosion,
–Abrasion and
–Generation of tail water waves.
 Types of energy dissipaters

•Most common energy dissipaters can be classified as below:

-Hydraulic jump type stilling basin: This can be classified as
horizontal apron type or sloping apron type.
-Jet diffusion & free jet stilling basin: These are Jet diffusion
basin, Free jet stilling basin, Hump stilling basin…etc
-Bucket type energy dissipaters: These are solid roller bucket
type, slotted roller bucket type, sky jump bucket type
(trajectory or shooting or flip).
Cont’d…
Cont’d…
 Design of energy dissipaters
• Factors affecting the design of energy dissipaters are:
– Nature of foundation
– Magnitude of flood & their occurrence
– Velocity of flow
– Orientation of flow
– Depth discharge and its relationship at the site of
structure
 Cont’d…

• If a particle of water falls in to a basin and comes to

rest, i.e. its entire hydraulic energy is dissipated.
• Hydraulic/mechanical energy is converted in to heat
that effects only the particle and not it’s surrounding.
• The increase in water temperature can be calculated.
For a fall of 100m it amounts to only 0.240C. This is so
small that it had no practical significance.
 Cont’d…

• Energy dissipation at bottom outlets

• The outlet may terminate below or above the d/s water
level, with or without an outlet regulating valve at its
end.
• The two main design trends are either to disperse
artificially and to aerate the outflow jets (outflow
above tail-water with or without control gate at its end)