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WEEK 2
Lecture 3
27-02-2019
05/27/2021
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University of Management and Technology, Lahore
Introduction to Food science & Technology 3(2-1)
(FT 1102)
Ms. Aqsa Akhtar
School of Food and Agricultural Sciences
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FOOD SOURCES
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FOOD SOURCES
Source of human food are:
 Plants
 Animals
 Marine food

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1.PLANTS
Food of plant origin grows in soil.
This group include:
 Vegetables & Fruits
 Roots & Tubers
 Cereals
 Legumes & Nuts
 Oil seed
 Spices

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2.ANIMALS
Numerous species of animals on the earth.
Few animals are Halal for Muslims.
Characteristics of Halal are:
Split –hoofed ruminant animals
Buffalo, cow, sheep, camel, goat
Birds: Hen, Duck, Turkey, quail
Numerous species living in sea(fish).

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3. MARINE SOURCES
Pakistan is rich in marine sources.
There are about 600 marine species out of which 400 in sea
and 200 in fresh water.
Among them only 40 species has food significance.

Fish Sardines, Salmon

Crustaceans Lobster, crabs, shrimps
Shellfish Oyster, clams

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Cont…..

Riverine areas of sindh is largest source of fresh water fish.

Other sources of fresh water fish are Manchhar, Hadero, Keti
bander and reservoirs Mangla, Tarbela and Hub Dams.
Headworks and Barrages : Balloki, Trimu, Panjnand. Kotri
and Guddu.
Some river are severely polluted with domestic and industrial
waste that adversely effect the aquatic life in water.
Fish get contaminated with toxic chemicals, heavy metals
and pathogens.

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FOOD SUPPLY IN PAKISTAN

Pakistan is an agriculture country.
Indus Basin Irrigation system provide water for food
cultivation.
Pakistan’s agriculture sector plays a central role in the
economy as it contributes 18.9 percent to GDP.
It absorbs 42.3 percent of labor force.
It is also an important source of foreign exchange earnings
and stimulates growth in other sectors.

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CROPPING SEASON IN PAKISTAN

 Pakistan has two cropping seasons.
 Kharif being the first sowing season starting from April-June
and is harvested during October- December.
Rice, sugarcane, cotton, maize, moong, mash, bajra and
jowar are “Kharif" crops.
"Rabi", the second sowing season, begins in October-
December and is harvested in April -May.
 Wheat, gram, lentil (masoor), tobacco, rapseed, barley and
mustard are "Rabi" crops.

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TYPES OF CROPS
Cash Crops
A cash crop is an agricultural crop which is grown for
sale to return a profit.

Food Crops
A food crop is an agricultural crop which is grown for
human consumption.

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WHEAT
Wheat is staple food of Pakistan .
80 percent of farmers growing it on an area
of around 9.0 million hectares .
Wheat production area mostly Punjab,
Sindh and KPK.
During 2017-18, wheat crop was cultivated
on an area of 8,734 thousand hectares.
Wheat production was 25.492 million
tonnes during 2017-18.

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RICE
About 10 percent of Pakistan’s total agricultural
area is under rice.
Pakistan is a leading producer and exporter of
Basmati and IRRI rice (white long grain rice).
Second staple food grain crop in Pakistan.
Growing area; central Punjab, Northern parts of
KPK and along Indus River in Sindh.
During 2017-18, rice crop was cultivated on an area
of 2,899 thousand hectares.
Rice production was 7,442 thousands tonnes during
2017-18.

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CORN/MAIZE
Cultivated twice a year in Punjab and once a year in Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa (KPK).
First cultivation season is known as spring (winter) season that
normally starts in the middle of December in Punjab.
The summer season begins in September and lasts till the start of
December in both Punjab and KPK.
Maize mostly cultivated in central Punjab, parts of KPK and Azad
Kashmir.
During 2017-18, maize crop was cultivated on an area of 1,229
thousand hectares.
Maize production was 5.702 million tonnes during 2017-18.
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SUGARCANE

High value cash crop of Pakistan.

Significantly important for sugar and sugar related industries.
In 2017-18 sugarcane crop production 81.102 million tonnes.
crop was cultivated on an area of 1,313 thousand hectares .

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GRAINS AND PULSES

Important grains include bajra, jowar and barley.
Variety of pulses grown in south-eastern parts of KPK, north
and north west Punjab, southern Punjab. and arts of Sindh.
Major Pulses are: gram, mung, mash and lentils.
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OIL SEED CROP

Important oil seed crops are
o Cotton seed
o Mustard seed
o Sunflower
o Canola
 Production of edible oil during 2017-18 (July ,February) is
provisionally estimated at 0.503 million tonnes.

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FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

Pakistan is blessed with the climate that is suitable for
cultivation of large variety of fruits and vegetabes.
According to the climate variation different food grows in
different provinces
Kinnow and mango grow mainly in Punjab
Grapes and apricot grow in KPK and Balauchistan.
Pakistan exports many fruits as well: mango, kinnow and dates.
Most of the vegetables present all the year : potato, onion,
tomato.

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ANIMALS
Animal Meat Beef , mutton

Bird Meat Poultry, duck, turkey, game bird

Fats Butter, ghee, tallow

Animal products Milk, yoghurt, cheese, eggs

Insect products Honey

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CONT..
Sheep and goat mostly reared for meat purposes
In poutry, broiler has grown for meat purposes.
Different breeds of layer are grow for egg production.
Poultry meat production for the year 2017-18 was to the of
1.39 million tons.
During 2017-18, livestock contributed 58.9 percent to the
agriculture value added and 11.1 percent to the overall GDP.

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MILK
Major source of milk are: Buffaloes, Cows
Minor sources are: Camel, Goat , Sheep
In 2017-18, milk Gross Production was 57,890 tonnes .
In 2017-18, egg Gross Production was 18,037 million
no.

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