OCC UPAT ION AL AND INDSUT RIAL TOX IC OL OGY

BY MUHAMMAD RIZKY ADRIAN-25317034

FABRIKAM
W H AT I S O C C U PAT I O N A L T O X I C O L O G Y ?

Occupational toxicology is the study of the adverse effects of agents

that may be encountered by workers during the course of their
employment. The adverse effects may be in the workers themselves, or
in experimental animals, or other test systems used to define or
understand the toxicity of agent of interest.

The term " occupational " is used in preferences to " industrial "
because the latter may have connotation of chemical exposure in
factories, this would not necessarily include work such farming, with
potential exposures to pesticides or office work, with issues such as
photocopiers in eclosed spaces ( Winder and Stacey, 2004 ).

FABRIKAM 2
WHY IS OCCUPATIONAL
TOXICOLOGY REQUIRED ?

There is considerable public awarness of the health effects of

chemicals due to events such as the thalidomide tragedy and
environmental contamination with chemicals.

Recognition of workplace exposures resulting in health effects

Solution to protect the health of workers

FABRIKAM 3
H O W I S O C C U PAT I O N A L T O X I C O L O G Y U S E D ?

• Role in decision making within hierarchial control

• Role in setting exposure standards for workplace chemicals

• Role in biological monitoring for chemical exposure

FABRIKAM 4
Role in decision making
within hierarchial control

Source : Winder and Stacey, 2004

FABRIKAM 5
Role in setting exposure standards for workplace chemicals

• NEL ( No Effect Level )

• NOEL ( No Observed Effect Level )

• NOAEL ( No Observed Adverse Effect Level )

FABRIKAM 6
Role in biological
monitoring for chemical
exposure
Biological monitoring is the measurement of a substances, its
metabolites, or its effects in body tissues, fluid or exhaled air of
exposed persons.

While biological monitoring itself is not a preventive measure,

consideration of biological monitoring is an interesting excersise
because it is a topic that clearly exemplifes the interdiciplinary nature
of protecting workers from deleterious effects of exposure to chemcials
( Winder and Stacey, 2004 ).

FABRIKAM 7
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OCCUPATIONAL
TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL
TOXICOLOGY

O C C U PAT I O N A L TOX I C O LO G Y INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY

Occupational toxicology is more comprehensive, such as : Greenberg et al ( 1997 ) explained that industrial toxicology is
study about toxicology that only occurs in factory work, such
• Farmers
as :
• Mechanics
- Mining Industries : ex. Underground coal mining
• Food Preparation Personnel
- Petroleum Industries
• Athletes
- Furniture Industries
• etc

FABRIKAM 8
REFERENCES :
G r e e n b e rg , M . I . , R . J . H A m i l t o n , S . D . P h i l l i p s , G . J . M c C l u s k e y.
1 9 9 7 . O c c u p a t i o n a l , I n d u s t r i a l , a n d E n v i ro n m e n t a l To x i c o l o g y.
M o s b y. P e n n s y l v a n i a .

Wi n d e r, C . a n d N . S t a c e y. 2 0 0 4 . \O c c u p a t i o n a l To x i c o l o g y 2 n d
Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton.

FABRIKAM
THANK YOU

FABRIKAM