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An interrupt occurs
while another interrupt Two approaches:
is being processed
• e.g. receiving data • disable interrupts
from a while an interrupt is
communications line being processed
and printing results at • use a priority scheme
the same time
Transfer of Control With
Multiple Interrupts:
Sequential
Transfer of Control With
Multiple Interrupts:
Nested
Example Time Sequence
of Multiple Interrupts
Memory Hierarchy
Cache of cache
levels
Design
write cache
policy size
replacem
block
ent
algorithm size
mapping
function
Cache and Block Size
Cache Size
●
can occur every time the block is updated
●
can occur when the block is replaced
●
minimizes write operations
●
leaves main memory in an obsolete state
I/O Techniques
∗ When the processor encounters an instruction relating to
I/O, it executes that instruction by issuing a command to the
appropriate I/O module
Availability
the failure of a single
processor does not
halt the machine
SMP Organization