ARCHITECTURAL SCIENCE

(PLUMBING)
General requirements set for sanitary system:
a. Pipes must be fitted and tightly connected to prevent
leakage of gas and liquid.
b. The ventilation must convey gases to the atmosphere
where it can do no harm to human health.
c. Each fixture should be re-vented to avoid siphoning of
the water seal.
d. Drainage pipes should be graded properly or sloped
for a downward gravity flow of water to the waste
disposal.
e. Drainage pipes should be provided with adequate
cleanout that is accessible for repair in case of
stoppage.
Factors to consider in installing waste
pipes:

a. Selection of the right kind of materials.

b. Conservative use of fittings.
c. Right location of the cleanout.
d. Right pitch or slope of the pipe line.
e. Size of the pipe.
f. Manner of joining.
General condition for the installation of
soil branch:

a. Since the soil branch is concealed in floors,

partitions or lowered ceilings, it should be
accessible and provided with sufficient number of
cleanouts.
b. Cleanouts should be installed whenever change of
soil branch direction is made and should be located
at the farthest end of the branch away from the soil
stack.
c. Cleanout must be the same diameter as the
branch.
d. The use of short radius fittings on soil branch in
making a change of direction should be avoided
such as short sanitary tee and ¼ bend.
e. A long radius fitting should be used for a
horizontal to horizontal or a vertical to horizontal
direction.
f. The efficiency of a horizontal waste installation
depends upon the scouring or self-cleaning action
for every discharge of water. A branch having a
pitch of more than 2% rise per meter length has
the tendency to waste separated. The water flows
faster and the heavy suspended materials are left
and deposited at the bottom of the pipe.
General condition in installing soil stack:

a. The soil stack should be properly concealed or

embedded in partitions.
b. The soil stack is generally installed prior to the
construction of walls or partitions.
c. The entire building installation such as the
location of the fixtures, size of the partitions,
location of doors and windows, drop ceiling,
electrical outlets and their relations to each
other must first be considered before laying
the rough-in of the pipe.
d. The soil stack should be installed and placed in such
a manner that the branches which will serve the
water closet shall be as direct and short as possible.
e. Soil joint should be free from liquid or gas leakage.
f. Soil stack should be rigidly anchored by metal hanger
or embedded in concrete walls partitions.
g. Change of soil stack from vertical to horizontal
direction is done by the use of ¼ bends, long sweep
¼ bend, two 1/8 bend or a combination of wye and
1/8 bend.
h. As a general rule, the soil stack should be extended
and terminate through the roof of the building.