Wastewater Treatment Process

OBJECTIVE
 The principal objective of industrial wastewater
treatment is generally to allow industrial effluents to
be disposed of without danger to human health or
unacceptable damage to the natural environment.

 To manage water discharged from homes,

businesses, and industries to reduce the threat of
water pollution.

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Sources of Wastewater

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 Wastewater Treatment Processes
• Primary treatment

• Secondary treatment

• Tertiary treatment

• Disposal

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 Primary Treatment Processes
• The purpose of preliminary treatment is to protect the
operation of the wastewater treatment plant. This is achieved
by removing from the wastewater any constituents which can
clog or damage pumps, or interfere with subsequent treatment
processes.

• They are designed to:

1) Remove or to reduce in size the large, entrained,
suspended or floating solids.
2) Remove heavy inorganic solids such as sand and
gravel as
well as metal or glass.
3) Remove excessive amounts of oils or greases.
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Primary treatment process consists of following process-
• Screening
• Grit chamber
• Sedimentation tank

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 Screening
• These consist of bars usually spaced three-quarter inches to six
inches. Those most commonly used provide clear openings of one to
two inches.

• The racks or screens may be cleaned either manually or by means

of automatically operated rakes.

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 Grit Chamber
Wastewater usually contains a relatively large amount of inorganic
solids such as sand and gravel which are collectively called grit.

Grit chambers are long narrow tanks that are designed to slow down the

flow so that solids such as sand, coffee grounds, and eggshells will settle
out of the water.

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 Sedimentation Tank
• After which a brief residence in a grit tank allows sand and gravel to
settle out. The waste stream is then pumped into primary settling tank
(sedimentation tank), where half of the suspended organic solids
settle to the bottom as sludge.

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 Primary Treatment
• The objective of primary treatment is the removal of settle-able
organic and inorganic solids.

• It may be considered sufficient treatment if the wastewater is

used to irrigate crops that are not consumed by humans or to
irrigate orchards, vineyards, and some processed food crops.

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