Introduction to Programming

(CS-102)
Madiha Kiran
Arrays

 Group of consecutive memory locations with same name and type.

 The memory locations in the array are known as the elements of array.

marks 80 75 65 85 90 78

grade a b c d f
Uses of Arrays
One-Dimensional Array

 List of related values with the same data type that’s stored with a single group name.
 It is also called single dimensional array.
Declaring One-Dimensional Array

 The process of specifying array name, length and data type is called array declaration.

 Syntax
dataType arrayName[numberOfItems];

 Example
int marks[6];

0 1 2 3 4 5
marks
Example

 double amount[10];
 char grade[5];
 float values[20];
Accessing Array Elements

 Elements in the arrays are stored sequentially.

 Each single element can be accessed using:
 Array’s Name
 Element's Index

 Syntax
arrayName[index];

 Example
marks[0] = 80;
 Example
marks[0] marks[1] marks[2] marks[3] marks[4] marks[5]

marks
 marks[0] = 80;
 marks[1] = 90;
 marks[2] = 78;
 marks[3] = 77;
 marks[4] = 87;
 marks[5] = 88;

marks[0] marks[1] marks[2] marks[3] marks[4] marks[5]

marks 80 90 78 77 87 88
Accessing Array Elements using loop

 int arr[6], i;
for (i = 0; i <=5; i++)
arr[i] = i;

arr[0] arr[1] arr[2] arr[3] arr[4] arr[5]

arr 0 1 2 3 4 5
Input & Output of Array Values

 cout<<“Enter Marks = ”;
cin>>marks[0]>>marks[1]>>marks[2]>>marks[3]>>marks[4]>>marks[5];

 cout<<“Marks = ”<<endl;
cout<<marks[0]<<endl;
cout<<marks[1]<<endl;
cout<<marks[2]<<endl;
cout<<marks[3]<<endl;
cout<<marks[4]<<endl;
cout<<marks[5];
Input & Output of Array Values using loop
Write a program to input five numbers into an array named marks. After all numbers are input, display the
numbers and their total.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
i marks[i] sum
int marks[5], sum=0;
for(int i = 0; i<5; i++) 0 80 80
{ 1 87 167
cout<<"Enter marks = ";
2 95 262
cin>>marks[i];
}
3 77 339
cout<<"The total of marks"; 4 78 417
for(int i = 0; i<5; i++) 5 --- ---
{
cout<<" "<<marks[i];
sum = sum + marks[i];
}
cout<<" is "<<sum;
return 0; }
Output
Array Initialization

 The process of assigning values to array elements at the time of array deceleration.

 Syntax:
dataType arrayName[numberOfItems] = { List of values };

 Example:
double width[7] ={10.96, 6.43, 2.58, 0.86, 5.89, 7.56, 8.22};
double width[7] ={10.96, 6.43, 2.58, 0.86};
Example

 int gallons[ ] = {16, 12, 10, 14, 11};

 char codes[6] = {'s', 'a', 'm', 'p', 'l', 'e'};
 char codes[ ] =“sample”;
Practice examples

 Write a program that inputs 10 numbers/ values from the user, store them in an array and
display these numbers , sum and average of these numbers.
 Write a program in which you can declare an array for alphabets and stores first seven
alphabets in it and display these alphabets.
 Write a program that input only grades of your five subjects (ask user for input his/her
grade) and display all the grades.
Example

Write a program to calculate and display maximum number.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() i arr[i] max
{ 0 2 2
int arr[5] = {2,7,8,1,3}; 1 7 7
int max = arr[0]; 2 8 8
for(int i = 0; i<5; i++) 3 1 8
if(arr[i] > max) 4 3 8
max = arr[i]; 5 --- ---
cout<<"Maximum = "<<max;
return 0;
}
Two-Dimensional Array
 Sometimes referred to as a table, consists of both rows and columns of elements.
 It is useful for storing multiple sets of data.
 Syntax:
dataType arrayName[Rows][Cols];
 Example:
int val[3][4];
Accessing Array Elements of 2-D Array

 Each single element of 2-D Array can be accessed using:

 Array’s Name
 Element's Index

 Syntax
arrayName[row][col];

 Example
val[1][3] = 6;
Example

 val[0][0]= 8; val[1][0]= 3; val[2][0]= 14;

 val[0][1]= 16; val[1][1]= 15; val[2][1]= 25;
 val[0][2]= 9; val[1][2]= 27; val[2][2]= 2;
 val[0][3]= 52; val[1][3]= 6; val[2][3]= 10;
Input & Output of Array Values

 cout<<“Enter Values = ”;
cin>>val[0][0]>>val[0][1]>>val[0][2]>>val[0][3];

 cout<<“Values = ”<<endl;
cout<<val[0][0]<<endl;
cout<<val[0][1]<<endl;
cout<<val[0][2]<<endl;
cout<<val[0][3]<<endl;
Input & Output of 2-D Array Values using loop
Write a program to input and display elements of two dimensional array.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std; i j val[i][j]
int main() {
0 0 90
int val[2][3];
for(int i = 0; i<2; i++)
0 1 77
for(int j = 0; j<3; j++) 0 2 95
{ 1 0 87
cout<<"Enter values = ";
1 1 78
cin>>val[i][j];
}
1 2 65
for(int i = 0; i<2; i++) 2 --- ---
{
cout<<endl;
for(int j = 0; j<3; j++) 90 77 95
cout<<" "<<val[i][j]; 87 78 65
}
return 0; }
Output
2-D Array Initialization
 The process of assigning values to two dimensional array elements at the time of array
deceleration.
 Example:
int val[3][4] = { {8,16,9,52},
{3,15,27,6},
{14,25,2,10} };
Example
Write a program to calculate total of each row.
#include <iostream>
row col val[row][col] total
using namespace std;
int main() { 0 0 2 2
int tot_rows = 2; 0 1 3 5
int tot_cols = 3; 0 2 7 12
int val[tot_rows][tot_cols] = {{2,3,7},{6,12,4}};
1 0 6 6
int total = 0;
1 1 12 18
for(int row = 0; row < tot_rows; row++)
{
1 2 4 22
total = 0; 2 --- --- ---
for(int col = 0; col < tot_cols; col++)
total = total + val[row][col];
cout<<"Total of row " <<row<<" = "<<total<<endl;
}
return 0; }
Output
Example
Write a program to calculate average of all numbers stored in 2-D array.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
float val[2][3] = {{2.2,3,7},{6.2,12,4}}; row col val[row][col] total
float total = 0; 0 0 2.2 2.2
float avg; 0 1 3 5.2
for(int row = 0; row < 2; row++) 0 2 7 12.2
for(int col = 0; col < 3; col++) 1 0 6.2 18.4
total = total + val[row][col]; 1 1 12 30.4
avg = total/6;
1 2 4 34.4
cout<<"Average = "<<avg;
2 --- --- ---
return 0;
}
Output
Practice Problems

 Write a program to display minimum number in 2-D array.

 Write a program to calculate total of each column in 2-D array .
Reading Material

Gary J. Bronson , Program Development and Design using C++, 2nd Edition. (Chapter 7)