CLASSROOM GUIDELINES

1. Come to the scheduled online class five minutes before the session.
2. Be ready with at least 5 pieces of short bond papers and ballpen.
3. Focus on the lesson and limit your unnecessary gestures and noises.
4. Cooperate with your assigned groupmates and activity.
5. Be on time in submitting your homework, short quiz, and long quiz.
6. Secure a NOTEBOOK and write down all solved Indefinite Integrals in the
class which will be used in evaluating Definite Integrals later on.
 INTEGRALS INVOLVING
TRANSCENDENTAL FUNCTIONS

• Exponential Functions
• Trigonometric Functions
• Hyperbolic Functions

Remarks: Integrals involving Logarithmic, Inverse Trigonometric, and Inverse Hyperbolic

Functions can be solved through Integration Techniques.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, the learner will be able to:

1. familiar with standard trigonometric identities.

2. use reduction formulas to solve trigonometric integrals.

3. utilize substitution rule to reduce the integrals into integrable form.

4. evaluate integrals containing trigonometric functions.
INTEGRALS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Integrals involving trigonometric functions are common place in engineering
mathematics. This is especially true when modelling waves and alternating current circuits.
An overwhelming number of combinations of trigonometric functions can appear in these
integrals, but fortunately most fall into a few general patterns— and most can be integrated
using reduction formulas and integral tables.

Some integrals involving trigonometric functions can be evaluated by using the

trigonometric identities. These allow the integrand to be written in an alternative form
which may be more amenable to integration.
 
  Pythagorean Identities
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
tan2 θ + 1 = sec2 θ
1 + cot2 θ = csc2 θ

Even and Odd Formulas

  sin(−θ) = − sin θ
csc(−θ) = − csc θ Product to Sum Formulas
cos(−θ) = cos θ 2 sin α cos β = [sin(α + β) + sin(α − β)]
sec(−θ) = sec θ 2 sin α sin β = [cos(α − β) − cos(α + β)]
tan(−θ) = − tan θ 2 cos α cos β = [cos(α − β) + cos(α + β)]
cot(−θ) = − cot θ
INTEGRALS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
If u is an integrable function of x and C is a constant, then

SINE AND COSINE FUNCTIONS

I9. Integrals involving Sine Function

I10. Integrals involving Cosine Function

 
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3
Apply I9
Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(x)]
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3
Apply I10
Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(y)]
INTEGRALS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
If u is an integrable function of x and C is a constant, then

TANGENT FUNCTIONS

I11. Integrals involving Tangent Functions

I12. Integrals leading to Tangent Functions

 
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Then, Transform the integrals

 
Apply I3
Apply I11
Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,

  Apply I3
Apply I11
Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(z)]
INTEGRALS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
If u is an integrable function of x and C is a constant, then

SECANT FUNCTIONS

I13. Integrals involving Secant Functions

I14. Integrals leading to Secant Functions

 
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3
Apply I13

Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Then, Transform the integrals

 
Apply I3
Apply I11
Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(w)]
INTEGRALS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
If u is an integrable function of x and C is a constant, then

COTANGENT FUNCTIONS
I16. Integrals involving Cotangent Functions

I17. Integrals leading to Cotangent Functions

 
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 Apply I3
Apply I16
Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3
Apply I17
Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(R)]
INTEGRALS INVOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
If u is an integrable function of x and C is a constant, then

COSECANT FUNCTIONS
I18. Integrals involving Cosecant Functions

I19. Integrals leading to Cosecant Functions

 
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3
Apply I18
Hence,
Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3

Apply I19

Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(x)]

Additional Examples
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3,

Apply I3, I4

Apply I9, I11, I5

Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(y)]

Example
 
Solution :

Apply Substitution Rule

Transform the integrals

Then,
 
Apply I3 and expand
Apply I4
Apply I2, I13, I12

Hence, Rewrite F[u] to F[g(v)]

Example
 
Solution :
Expand

Apply I4
Transform the cot M as
(csc2 M – 1)
Apply I4
Combine similar terms
Apply I19, I17, I2
Hence, Simplify
References:
1
Rodriguez, E, et al. ”Basic Calculus”. Brilliant Creation Publication, Quezon City (2017)
2
Boelkins, M. et al. “Active Calculus & Mathematical Modeling. “Carroll College. 2016
3
Melencio, D. and Lamayo, L. ”Intro to Analytic Geometry and Calculus”. SIBS Publishing House,
Quezon City (2007)
4
Rainville and Love, C. "Calculus Differential and Integral Calculus”. The MacMillan Company.
New York (1999)
5
Mendelson, E. “Schaum’s Outline of Theory and Problems of Beginning Calculus”. Second
Edition. Queens, New York City. 1997
6
Peterson, T. ”Calculus with Analytic Geometry”. Harper & Brothers, New York (1996)
7
Leithold, L. ”The Calculus 7”. Good Year Books, New York (1996)
8
Feliciano, F. & Uy, F. Differential and Integral Calculus. Merriam and Webster Bookstore, Inc.
1983

Web References:
1
https:// www.mathsisfun.com/calculus/integration
2
https://www.onlinemathlearning.com