PE6040: Advanced seismic data analysis and interpretation

Well to Seismic Tie

Guided by – Submitted by –
Dr. Rajesh R. Nair Shubhank Khamparia
Associate Professor, IIT Madras Roll no. PE20M016
Contents –

• Introduction and objectives

• Comparison b/w well & seismic data

• Reference levels and check shots

• Workflow involved in well-seismic tie

• Tying modelled wave to seismic trace - examples

• Summary and References

What is Well-seismic tie –
Well-seismic ties allows well data(measured in units of depth), to be compared to
seismic data, measured in units of time
Objective –

• Relate features from well data (such as formation tops) to the peaks & troughs in
seismic line which passes though well location

• Depth – time relationship is required to relate well to seismic data

• Tying also helps in modelling well individual wavelets generated by various

impedances, reflectivity coefficients – and combine them to give resultant seismic
trace
 Well data
Sample points gathered along
wellbore
High Frequency – 10,000 to 20000 Hz
Along depth measurement
Vertical resolution – 2 cm to 2 m
Horz. Resolution – 150-1000m
Measures vertical velocity, density,
resistivity and other rock/fluid
properties
Seismic data
Samples areas and volumes
Low Frequency – 5 to 100 Hz
Measures Time
Vertical resolution – 15 to 100 m
Horz. Resolution – 150-1000m
Measures seismic amplitude, phase,
horizontal and vertical velocities
Reference Levels -
Check-Shot Survey –

• Check shots measures one-way travel time from

surface to target depth where geophone is placed.

• Relates seismic wave travel time with depth in log

data – provides direct relationship b/w time and
depth measurement

• Mindful of difference in datums

Workflow of Seismic Well–Tie –

Consists of following steps :

1. Data Input – consists of log data (sonic, density and deviation survey) and seismic data
(through well and full/near stack data)

2. Log/QC Editing – Removing data problems such as fluid invasions, washouts, casing
shoe, stuck tool etc

3. Log Blocking (optional step) – capturing major RCs, fixing minimum bed thickness – can
be done manually or by machines

4. Time-depth data – required for calibration – consisting VSPs, check shots, seismic
stacking velocities.

5. Input seismic wavelet – can be analytical (define shape and frequency) or extracted
(derived statistically from a seismic window)

6. Modelling traces – Convolution RCs with wavelets.

Output trace tying -
Another example of seismic tie -

Modelled well
trace
Real-seismic
trace
What defines a ‘Good’ Tie –

This depends on specific stages, such as -

Well to seismic tie example -

Zone of
interest
Zoomed-in scale-

Synthetic
Peak at
trace
real data
correspond
s to peak in
modelled
trace
Summary –

• Understanding of well-seismic tie, its objective and why is it required

• Difference between well and seismic data and reference levels.

• Workflow of well-seismic tie and how modelled trace is generated &

related with real seismic data

• Elements of good well-seismic tie, their applications along with some

examples
References –
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=anOt5Zw5e_E - EAGE E-Lecture: Well Tie:
Principles

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39N-pXkBuCA – IRIS Earthquake science : Well

seismic tie

• Simon R, Bacon M, “Seismic Amplitude : Interpreter’s Handbook” , Cambridge University

Press, UK, 2014
Thank You