Pattern

organizations
(recognizing
paragraph
patterns
It is important to identify with the author's
perspective by discovering the way the message
is being sent. Every writer has a purpose for
writing and some plan of action for getting a
message across. This plan of action is the order
in which the material will be presented in the text.
This order, often called a pattern of organization, Becaus
e key w
should be present in acceptable writing from the are gre ords
at for
smallest to the largest unit of writing: the catchin
audien g you
ce’s att r
paragraph, groups of paragraphs, sub-chapters, ention
chapters, groups of chapters, whole books, and
even series of books. Each of these, then,
contains a certain pattern of organization.
 This Is a Graph

Sequence Listing of
related of
The following
ideas.
four
examples are
the patterns
of
organization
that are most
frequently Cause
Comparison/Contrast found in and
textbooks.
effect
Listing Of
Pattern
Organiza
tion
Definition
n the listing pattern, the writter states
the main idea generally, and gives a list
of details or examples to support that
general statement
Key Words
- Several - A number
of
- Many - Kinds of
- A few - A variety
of

Signal
Words
- Besides - For
example
- Another - For
example
- Also
 Read the paragraph and the
information below
There are several different theories about the origin of the moon. One theory,
called the fission theory, states that early in the life of earth, a piece broke off,
and that piece became the moon. A second, closely related theory is that the
moon is composed of several pieces of earth that broke away from our planet.
Yet another theory is that the moon formed elsewhere in the solar system and
was captured by earth's gravity. The final theory states that a huge piece of
planetary rock struck earth and broke up into pieces. One of the pieces became
the moon
Topic : Theories about the origin of the moon
Main Idea : There are several different theories about the origin of the
moon
Key words in the main idea : Several
Signal words : Details
One theory A piece of earth broke off ( fission theory)

A second Several pieces of earth the moon

Yet another The moon formed elsewhere the solar

system
 Read the paragraph and the
information below
There are several different theories about the origin of the moon. One theory,
called the fission theory, states that early in the life of earth, a piece broke off,
and that piece became the moon. A second, closely related theory is that the
moon is composed of several pieces of earth that broke away from our planet.
Yet another theory is that the moon formed elsewhere in the solar system and
was captured by earth's gravity. The final theory states that a huge piece of
planetary rock struck earth and broke up into pieces. One of the pieces became
the moon
sequence
sequence

In this pattern, the writer’s main idea includes a series of

events or steps that follow one after another.
 
Signal words
● First
● Next
● Before
● After
● Then
● finally
main idea / supporting facts and ideas for a series of events from the
sequence

•Words or phrases that refer to a person's age

or stage of life

•words or phrases that refer to the date or time

period
example

I was born in Aceh in 1993, in 1999 i come to

elementary school. then in 2006 I'm in junior
high school,  3 years later I was study in high
school, after that in 2011 until now, I'm studying
in Unsyiah Banda Aceh.
 Thank
you for
your
attention
COMPARISON AND
CONTRAST
DESI WASNIA [2022007]
Comparison in writing discusses elements that are
(similar), while contrast in writing discusses elements
that are (different). A comparison and contrast essay
may discuss only similarities, only differences, but more
often than not, both comparison and contrast is used.
A compare-and-contrast essay, then, analyzes two
subjects by comparing them, contrasting them, or
both. A comparison-and-contrast essay uses factual
details to analyze the similarities and differences
between two or more two or more people, places,
things, or events.
Transitional Words and Phrases that Signal Comparison and
Contrast
In comparison and contrast, transitions between
paragraphs are necessary to keep your essay
flowing smoothly, to make it clear to the reader
when you switch from one topic to the other, and
to indicate the logical relationships between
ideas within the paragraph.
Comparison Transition Words
Contrast Transition Words
THANK YOU
 R
E

CAUSE AND EFFECT

A
D
I
N
G

By: Luthfiyatun
Nisa _________________________
 When we talk about a
situation that makes another
situation happen, we talk
about CAUSE AND EFFECT.
In english, we use certain
expressions such as
OPENING because, due to, since , and
___________
___________ as to talk about CAUSE AND
______
EFFECT
Here, we will learn about the
meaning of Cuase and Effect,
and you will also learn how to
express Cuase and Effect in
english
 CAUSE
. Noun : a person or thing
that makes something
happen.

* the cause of the accident

was a flat tire.

Ve r b : a n a c t i o n t h a t m a k e s
something happen. . .

* the flat tire caused the car

to wreck
.
Eff e c t

Noun : a change that is result

o f a n a c t i o n o r ca u s e

* th e s n o w s t o r m h a d a n e ff e c t
on his mood
.
A ff e c t
When effect is used as a verb,
is it usually spelled with an
affect

Ve r b : t o p r o d u c e a n e f f e c t , t o
cause a change in something

* the snowstorm affected his

mood
 Key word followed
. by noun or noun
p h ra s e
* due to * because of * owing to * thanks to *
as a consequence of * as a result of

( keyword + cause + effect or effect + keyword

+ cause )

Example :

Due to luthfi's laziness , she did not pass the

english test.
 Key word
. followed by verb
Because * since * as * for

( keyword+ cause + effect or

effect + keyword + cause )

Example :

B e c a u s e l u t h f i w a s l a z y, s h e d i d
not pass the english test .
THANK
YOU .

By : Luthfiyatun
Nisa