Cardi

Cycl
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2070121123/A.A.Ngurah Surya Wira Mahotama Putra
Definition of Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle is defined as a

sequence of alternating contraction
and relaxation of the atria and
ventricles in order to pump blood
throughout the body. It starts at the
beginning of one heartbeat and ends
at the beginning of another.
 Phase Of Cardiac Cycle
Late Atrial Isovolumic (isometric)
Ventricular Contraction
Diastole Systole
Isovolumic (isometric) Ventricular
Ventricular Relaxation
Ejection
 Late Diastole
• This period is called the period of
rapid filling of the ventricles. The
moderately increased pressures
that have developed in the atria
during late diastole immediately
push the A-V valves open and
allow blood to flow rapidly into
the ventricles.
 Atrial Systole
• the atria contract and give an
additional thrust to the inflow of
blood into the ventricles. This
mechanism accounts for about 20
percent of the filling of the
ventricles during each heart cycle.
 Isovolumic (isometric)
ventricular contraction
• This period is called the period of isovolumic
or isometric contraction.

• Imme­diately after ventricular contraction

begins, the ventricular pressure rises abruptly,
causing the A-V valves to close

• During this period, contraction is occurring in

the ventricles, but no emptying occurs.
 Ventricular
Ejection
• When the left ventricular pressure rises
slightly above 80 mm Hg (and the right
ventricular pressure rises slightly above
8 mm Hg), the ventricular pressures push the
semilunar valves open.

• Immediately, blood begins to pour out of the

ventricles.
 Isovolumic (isometric)
Ventricular Relaxation
• ventricular relaxation begins suddenly,
allowing both the right and left
intraventricular pressures to decrease rapidly.
The elevated pressures in the distended large
arteries that have just been filled with blood
from the contracted ventricles immediately
push blood back toward the ventricles, which
snaps the aortic and pulmonary valves closed.

• During this period, the intraventricular

pressures rapidly decrease back to their low
diastolic levels. Then the A-V valves open to
begin a new cycle of ventricular pumping.
Frank – Starling Principle

• The more blood volume that enters, the

greater the stretch of the heart muscle
(within physiological limits), the greater the
force of contraction and the greater the stroke
volume.
 END DIASTOLIK-SISTOLIK VOLUME
• End Diastolic Volume → ventricular filling up to 110 – 120 ml

• Stroke volume → ventricular emptying during systolic phase,

ventricular volume will decrease to 70 ml

• End Systolic Volume → Volume remaining in each ventricle 40 –

50 ml

• Ejection Fraction → Part of end-diastolic volume that is sprayed

out approximately 60 percent
 Referensi
• Hall, J. E., & Guyton, A. C. 2016. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th
Edition. Philadelphia, PA, Saunders Elsevier.

• Sherwood, L. 2016. Human Physiology : From Cells to Systems. Ed 9. USA : Cengage

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