Bench Fitting Tools
Lecture
Industrial Tool Usage
Two categories
Hand tools
1. Cutting tools
2. Non cutting tools
Machine tools
Importance of hand tools should not be
overlooked
Classes of Hand Tools
Cutting Tools
Used to separate, part, trim, or divide
parts
Include saws, grinders, files, and etc.
Classes of Hand Tools
Noncutting Tools
Used basically for holding, forming,
assembling, reassembling, destroying, or
dismantling parts
Includevices, hammers, screwdrivers,
wrenches, pliers, and etc.
Bench Fitting Shop
Fitting is the process of assembling
various parts manufactured in the
machine shop.
Bench Fitting Tools
Tools used in Fitting shop
1. Measuring tools
2. Marking tools
3. Holding tools
4. Striking tools
5. Loosening and tightening tools
6. Cutting tools
7. Threading tools
Measuring Tools
Measuring Tools
Steel Rule
Vernier Caliper
Measuring Tape
Thread Pitch Gauge
Feeler Gauge
Try Square
Try square
Used to test the trueness of mutually
perpendicular surfaces.
Marking Tools
Marking Tools
Marking is the process of layout of sizes on work
piece. The following tools are used in marking out
operations.
1. Scriber
2. Punch
3. Divider
Scriber
Used like a pencil to mark, scratch line on the
work piece for transferring drawing on it.
It can be used for marking as well as checking.
Punch
Divider
A divider used in fitting shop is similar to that of spring
caliper, except that both legs are straight and sharp.
The tool is used to transfer dimensions, scribing circles and
for laying out of drawing.
Holding Tools
Work bench
The work bench is a strong, heavy and rigid
table made up of hard wood.
Bench vice , is the device used to hold the
workpiece and it is rigidly clamped on the top
of the table as shown.
Bench Vice
Also Called Machinist’s Vice
Used to hold small work securely for sawing,
filing, polishing, drilling, reaming, and tapping
It consists of one moveable and one fixed jaw.
The jaws are opened upto required length, job
is placed in the two jaws and is fully tightened
with handle.
BENCH VICE
Clamping Device
C-Clamp
Popular in Plant
settings
2” to 12”
Allows clamping two
or more items together
or clamping one item to
another
Clamping Device
Boiler Clamps
Heavy Duty
6” to 24”
Striking Tools
Striking Tools
These are used for striking purposes like
punching, chipping, marking, bending,
straightening and riveting
Hammer is basic striking tool
Parts of hammer
Peen
Face
Eye hole
Handle
Cheek
Wedge
Types of hammer
Ball Peen hammer
Straight Peen hammer
Cross Peen hammer
Hard Faced Hammers
Shop Tools and Techniques
Ball Peen
Peen: smaller, rounded
end
Used in riveting or
peening operations
Variety of sizes
Hard Faced Hammers
Claw type
Smaller striking surface
Claw end can be used
for prying nails and etc
Variety of sizes
Soft-Faced Hammers
Faces made of plastic or
rubber.
Plasticor rubber faced
hammers are fastened
to steel body and
replaced when worn
Used in assembling or
dismantling parts so
finished surface of
work not marred
Soft-Faced Hammers
Heads with replaceable faces made of
plastic or rubber
Loosening and Tightening tools
Screwdrivers
Two most common types
Standard or flat blade
Phillips
Flat Screwdrivers
Shop Tools and Techniques
Tip for use with slotted-type screw
Manufactured in various sizes
To suit various-sized slots in heads of
fasteners
Phillips Screwdrivers
Tip for use with Phillips-type screws
Spanners
Many types used in machine shop work
Each suited for specific purpose
Name derived from use, shape, or
construction
Most available in both inch and metric
measuring systems
C type Spanner
Single-ended or double-ended C type
spanners
Double-ended have different-size
opening at each end
Ring Spanner
Completely surround nut and useful in close quarters
where only small rotation of nut can be obtained at
one time
Box end has 4, 6, or 12 precisely cut notches around
inside face
Notches fit closely over points on outside of nut
Have different sizes at each end
Box Spanner
Itconsists of a steel tube which has
hexagonal heads on both sides which fully
cover the head of the nut or the bolt to be
opened.
Adjustable Wrenches
May be adjusted to within certain range to fit several
sizes of nuts or bolt heads
Useful for odd-size nuts or when proper size not
available
Can slip when not properly adjusted to flats of nut
Pipe Wrenches
Made of Cast Iron, Aluminum, or
Beryllium/Copper
Used to loosen or tighten pipe connections
6” to 48”
Allen keys
Commonly called hex keys
Hexagonal fits into recesses of socket
head setscrews and capscrews
Pliers
Useful for gripping and holding small parts
for certain machining operations or when
assembling parts
Many types and sizes
Names by shape, function or construction
Types of Pliers
Shop Tools and Techniques
Combination or slip-joint pliers
Adjustable to grip both large and small
work
Grip work when small holes must be
drilled or for bending or twisting light, thin
materials
Types of Pliers
Side-cutting pliers
Used mainly for cutting, gripping, and
bending of small diameter (1/8 in. or
less) rods or wires
Types of Pliers
Needle-nose pliers
Available in both straight- and bent-nose
types
Useful for holding very small parts,
positioning them in hard-to-get-at places
and bending wire
Cutting Tools
Cutting Tools
Often necessary to perform certain metal-
cutting operations at bench or on job
Common tools
Hacksaws
Files
Chisels
Hand Hacksaw
Solidframe rigid and will accommodate
blades of one specific length
Adjustable frame more common and will take
blades from 10 to 12 in. long
Wing nut provides adjustment
Files
Hand cutting tool made of high-carbon steel
Used to remove surplus metal and to produce
finished surfaces
Manufactured in variety of types and shape
Single-cut Files
Singlerow of parallel teeth
running diagonally across face
Used when smooth finish desired
Include mill, long-angle lathe, and saw files
Double-cut Files
Two intersecting rows of teeth
First row called overcut
Second row called upcut
Hundreds of cutting teeth
Provides for fast removal of metals and
easy clearing of chips
Machinist Files
Types most commonly used in shop
Flat
Round
Half-round
Square
Triangle
Flat File
Used for general filing of metals such as steel.
Rectangular in section and are the
Most common type of file used in workshops.
Round File
Round in cross-section and gradually tapered
over their length.
Used for enlarging round holes or cutting
scalloped edges
Half round File
Used for filing curved surfaces
Useful for filing internal curves
Square File
Square file is quite thin and fits into
corners well.
Used to file slots in metal
Cross-sectional Views of
Shop Files
Filing Methods 56
Cross filing
File strokes are made in diagonal form from right
to left and then from left to right
Used for medium and heavy cuts
Filing Methods
Straight filing
File is pressed and moved forward approximately right
angles to the length of the work
On back stroke the file is lifted
Suitable to the narrow pieces of work
Filing Methods
Draw filing
Both the hands are kept on the two ends of the file
blade and the blade is kept at the right angles to the
length of the work.
Forward and backward strokes of the file will smoothen
the surface of work.
Care of Files
1. Do not store files where they rub together
Don’t throw into drawer with other files
2. Never use file as pry of hammer
3. Do not knock file on vise or other metallic
object to clean it
Use brush or file card
4. Apply pressure only on forward stroke
Chisel
Chisels are used to cut or chip off metal
from work piece.
Two types of chisel
1. Flat chisel
2. Cross cut chisel
Flat Chisel
Used to chip off excess metal from the
surface of the job.
Used for cutting sheets, rods, bars, wires
and similar metallic pieces.
Cross Cut Chisel
It has a slightly wider cutting end than the body
but narrow in thickness
Used to cut groves , keys, ways
Width of cutting edges varies from 4 to 12mm
Threading Tools
Threading Tools
Tap is used to cut internal threads on a hole
drilled to the core diameter of the thread.
Dieis used to cut threads on a round bar of
a metal, such as the threads on a bolt.
Types of hand Taps
Bottoming tap
Plug or intermediate tap
Taper tap
Types of hand Dies
Solid die
Screw adjusting die
Open adjusting die
