TRANSMISSION CALCULATIONS

SYMBOLS USED

μ-Coefficient of friction
θ- Angle of inclination
Tw- Torque at wheels
Te- Torque through engine
Te'- Torque through engine assuming gearbox efficiency
m- mass
r- wheel radius
N w-Rpm at wheels
If- Moment of inertia front wheel
Ir- Moment of inertia rear wheel
mv - mass of vehicle
mr- mass rear axle
mf- mass front axle
Rr- radius rear wheel
Rf- radius front wheel
Fr- force on rear wheel
T(N)- Torque available at rear wheels
at - instantaneous acceleration of vehicle
Iw - moment of inertia of wheels
Ia - moment of inertia of axle

Vehicle Dynamics

1
 - Static weight transfer

Dynamic Weight transfer

2
Targets-

Min. torque required

Max. Speed

VALUES CONSIDERED :
m = kg
μ=
θ=
r = inch = m
CVT ratio Low - 3.83:1
High-0.76:1

θ mgsinθ

mgcosθ mg

R+Mgsin θ = F

µMgcos θ + Mgsin θ =F

F= N

T (reqd.) = Nm

3
 STATIC CONDITION
INITIAL TORQUE REQUIREMENT

Friction force = F =μN

= μm'g cosθ (m' is mass at rear wheels, to be calculated by above mentioned formula )
=
=
Resultant force on wheels in rolling :
Fr = m'gsinθ +F
= m'g(sinθ+μcosθ)
=

Torque required : = Fr.r =

Tr = Nm

From engine:

4
Torque calculation
η x P = 2πNT/(60xG)
T= Nm

Speed calculation

V = (2πRNx60) / (1000G)

Maximum Torque available @2600

MAHINDRA ALFA TRANSAXLE

Gears Ratios Ratios with CVT

LOW HIGH
I 31.41 :1 120.3 23.87
II 18.66 :1 71.46 14.18
III 11.38 :1 43.5 8.64
IV 7.6 :1 29.11 5.77

First Gear :
Torque Tw = T' × G.Rlow
= 18.3 x 120.3 = 2201.49 Nm
Nw = 3800
23.87
= 159.19 rpm

Speed v = 2пNwr
60
= 4.86 m/s
= 17.52 km/h

Second Gear :
Torque Tw = Te' × G.Rlow
= 18.3x71.46 = 1307.71 Nm
Nw = 3800
14.18
= 267.9 rpm

Speed v = 2пNwr
60
= 2x3.14x267.9x0.292
60

5
 = 8.19 m/s
= 29.49km/h

Third Gear :
Torque Tw = Te' × G.Rlow
= 18.3x43.5 =796.05Nm
N w = 3800
8.64
= 439.8 rpm

Speed v = 2пNwr
60
= 2x3.14x439.8x0.292
60
= 13.44 m/s
= 48.36 km/h

Fourth Gear :
Torque Tw = Te' × G.Rlow
= 532.71 Nm
N w = 3800
5.77
= 658.5rpm

Speed v = 2пNwr
60
= 2x3.14x658.5x0.292
60
= 20.1 m/s
= 72.42km/h

6
Designing of shaft
By torsion eqn
T/J = C.Ɵ/ l = τ/R

Considering eqn
T/J = τ/R

J= Zzz = Zxx + Zyy

For solid axle

Zzz = π/64 x d4

J/R = π/32 d^4 / d/2

T = π/16 d3 τ

Now assuming
τ = 530 MPa
& Fos = 5

670 x 103 = π/16 d3 530/5

Therefore, d = 32.75 mm
(For go-kart rear axle, designing of shaft should be done with the combined effect of
bending due to kart weight and bumps, torsion due to braking torque and driving
torque)