CRD-NOC TRAINING

GPRS
GPRS Introduction:
 GPRS Core Network in General

• The GPRS Core Network (GPRS stands for General

Packet Radio Services)

• Provides mobility management, session management and

transport for Internet Protocol packet services in GSM .

• The core network also provides support for other

additional functions such as charging.

• Like GSM in general, GPRS is an open standards driven

system and the standardization body is the 3GPP.
Core Elements
 GPRS SUPPORT NODES:

There are two key variant of GSN namely

• GGSN (Gateway GPRS support node)
• SGSN (Serving GPRS Support node)

GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node

• A gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) acts as an interface between the GPRS
backbone network and the external packet data networks (radio network and
the IP network).

SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node

• A Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is responsible for the delivery of data
packets from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area. Its
tasks include packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach
and location management), logical link management, and authentication and
charging functions.
 APN And PDP Context

Access Point:
• An IP network to which a mobile can be connected
• A set of settings which are used for that connection
• A particular option in a set of settings in a mobile phone
• When a GPRS mobile phone sets up a PDP context, the access point is
selected. At this point an Access Point Name (APN) is determined
– Example: internet
– Example: net
– Example: mms

PDP CONTEXT:
• The PDP (Packet Data Protocol, e.g. IP, X.25, Frame Relay) context is a data
structure present on both the SGSN and the GGSN which contains the
subscriber's session information when the subscriber has an active session.

• When a mobile wants to use GPRS, it must first attach and then activate a
PDP context. This allocates a PDP context data structure in the SGSN that
the subscriber is currently visiting and the GGSN serving the subscribers
access point
 Interfaces in GPRS
• Gb –
Interface between the Base Station Subsystem and the SGSN the transmission protocol could
be Frame Relay or IP.

• Gn –
IP Based interface between SGSN and other SGSN and (internal) GGSN. DNS also shares this
interface. Uses the GTP Protocol.

• Gp –
IP Based interface between internal SGSN and external GGSNs. Between the SGSN and the
external GGSN, there is the Border Gateway (which is essentially a firewall). Also uses the
GTP Protocol.

• Ga –
The interface servers the CDR (Accounting records) which are written in the GSN and sent to
the CG (Charging Gateway). This interface uses a GTP-based Protocol, with modifications that
supports CDRs (Called GTP' or GTP prime).
• Gr –
Interface between the SGSN and the HLR. Messages going through this interface uses the
MAP3 Protocol.
• Gd –
Interface between the SGSN and the SMS Gateway. Can use MAP1, MAP2 or MAP3.
• GS-
Interface between the SGSN and the MSC (VLR).

• Gi –
The interface between the GGSN and a PDN (Public Data Network) either directly to the
Internet or through a WAP gateway. Uses the IP protocol.

• Ge –
The interface between the SGSN and the SCP (Service Control Point). Uses the CAP Protocol.

• Gx –
The on-line policy interface between the GGSN and the CRF (Charging Rules Function). It is
used for provisioning service data flow based charging rules. Uses the Diameter Protocol.

• Gy –
The on-line charging interface between the GGSN and the OCS (Online Charging System).
Uses the Diameter Protocol (DCCA application).
• Gz –
The off-line (CDR-based) charging interface between the GSN and the CG (Charging
Gateway). Uses GTP'.

• Gmb –
The interface between the GGSN and the BM-SC (Broadcast-Multicast Service Center), used
for controlling MBMS bearers.
Existing Telenor Core Network
Departmental Structure:
Departments Involved:

• TP (IT)

• GPRS Operations

• BSS Operations

• IP AND Security

• CRD-NOC
Departmental Responsibilities:

• TP IT (Corporate, DCN, and Firewall related issues)

• GPRS Operations (All Core network Related Issues)

• BSS Operation (Site related Issues).

• IP And Security (Firewall Related Issues,)

• CRD-NOC (First Level Support)

Responsibilities for CRD-NOC

• Basic knowledge of the service

• Thorough knowledge about the concerned

departments

• Good knowledge about the basic trouble shooting

• Sensible generation of T.T. and escalating to

concerned departments.
Technical View
Basic GPRS Flow:
STEP 1:
Attach me to the Attach me Attach me to
network to the the network
network
MS
BTS
BSC

MS Successful
Service Failure Send Authentication
Sending Authentication
Attached Sending Sub.
Message Send Sub. Data
DATA
HLR Data Data SGSN
HLR/AUC
Match
Mismatch MS DATA
Auth. Failure With
Auth. Data
From HLR
Step 2:
www.yahoo.co
m

MS
BTS
Failed
Failed Service Failure BSC
To MS

Successful

Credit SGSN DNS Server

SGSNFailure
Which converts APN to N Service
Check GGSN IP Address To MS
GGSN APN Check
IN Allowed Services

IP Address
Successful
Generation www.yahoo.com
And ISP
Session Creation
General GSM Architecture
General GPRS Architecture And Interfaces
Working Of GPRS
General Process For GPRS
 Difference Between GPRS And EDGE

EDGE (Enhanced Data GSM Environment) STATS :

Fixed/Mobile Mobile
Circuit/Packet Packet/Circuit
Max
384Kb
Bandwidth
Range Coverage area of host network
Frequency Frequency of host network
Host Network GSM
ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards
Definer
Institute)

• EDGE packs up to 69.2Kbps into eight timeslots, for a total theoretical bandwidth of 473.6Kb .
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) STATS

Fixed/Mobile Mobile

Circuit/Packet Packet

Max Bandwidth 107.2Kb

Range Coverage area of host network

Frequency Frequency of host network

Host Network TDMA, GSM

Definer ETSI
 Differences

• EDGE is considered to be the future of GPRS. Which

provide increase bandwidth from each timeslot.

• Configuration for both GPRS And EDGE is the same the

only difference lies at the BSS end.

• No spare setting are required at the device for EDGE

usage.

• From CRD-NOC point of view the issue for EDGE should

be treated with the same preventive as for GPRS.
ISSUES AND PREVENTIVES
 Things To Be Remembered..!

• Excellent knowledge of general handset setting and basic trouble

shooting for particular service is mandatory for CRD-NOC

• All the pre-determined preventive and solution should be

addressed to customer before any problem is escalated to
technical team

• Problems to be addressed to technical team should be network

related.

• Technical team is not responsible for any device related issue.

Most Common Issues

• Wrong APN
• Device setting
• Barring
• Service Provisioning (Required Profile Existence)

• These issues need to be addressed before the problem is

escalated to technical team.
Preventives:
• Handset setting should be taken from authentic source
(SMS 131, TP Website)
• MSISDN profile should be checked for barring.
• All the required APN profiles should be present for the
customer. (i.e. “internet”, “wap”, “mms”, “net”)
• The GPRS service should be checked for the customer
area. (i.e. service is available in particular cell)
• If the problem persists the customer should be asked to
visit nearest franchise. (Setting should be manually
configured by the franchise personal).
• The service should be checked on the other handset
device which is using the services.
Test
IMSI MSISDN Action

"410060731004254" "923437555556"
Activate GPRS
Barring

“410060521030057” “923439333335” Remove all the

GPRS APN from
the profile

“410060003435144” “923455317806” Complete

GPRS Service
Removal
 Any Question..!
((‘((
Thank You